Fundamentals of Laser Dentistry /
Johar, Kirpa
Fundamentals of Laser Dentistry / by Kirpa Johar. - First editon - 151 pages : color illustrations ; 28 cm
Includes bibliographical references (pages[145]-148) and index.
1. Basic Physics and Concepts of Lasers used in Dentistry
• Properties of Light
• Function of Laser Involving Optical Concepts
– Interaction Between Light and Matter
– Basic Scheme of a Laser
– Population Inversion
– Gaussian Beam and Laser Resonator
– Beam Delivery System
– Emission Modes
• Laser Tissue Interaction
– Effects of Temperature on Target Tissue
• Laser Media
– Gas Lasers
– Dye Lasers
– Semi-conductor—Diode Lasers
– Solid-state Lasers
• Pumping Methods and Schemes
• Laser Concepts
– Excimer Laser
– Dye Lasers
– Argon Ion Laser
– CO2
Laser
– Semi-conductor Lasers/Diode Lasers
– Solid State Laser
2. Laser Safety
– Reasons for Laser Safety Education
– Maximum Permissible Exposure
• Classification of Light
– Wavelengths and their Penetration Depth
– Effect of Laser Beam on the Eye
– Impacts on Skin
• Laser Classes
– Class 1
– Class 1M
– Class 2
– Class 2M
– Class 3A
– Class 3B
– New Class 3R
– Class 4
• Secondary Hazards
– Common Hazards
– Specific Hazards
• Protective Measures
– Laser Protective Eyewear
– Labeling
– Directions
• Organizational Protective Arrangements
– Nomination of a Laser Safety Officer (LSO)
– Duties and Responsibilities of Laser Safety Officer
• Evaluation
3. Lasers in Preventive Dentistry
• Conventional Treatment Methods
• Laser Application in Preventive Dentistry
– Light Interaction with Dental Hard Tissues
– Scattering and Absorption Parameters Mechanism of Laser Irradiation and Improved Caries Resistance
— Changes in Enamel Composition
— Creation of Microsive or Micropore System
Effect of CO, Lasers on Caries Prevention
— Surface Characteristics
— Combined with Fluoride Treatment
— Clinical Application
Effect of Argon Lasers
— Mechanism of Action
Effect of Nd:YAG Lasers
— Combined with Fluoride Treatment
— Clinical Application
Effect of Er: YAG, Er, Cr:YSGG, Ho:YAG and UV Lasers
4, Lasers in Operative Dentistry
— Development of the Laser-assisted Cavity Preparation
Conventional Methods
— Rotary Instruments
— Kinetic Cavity Preparation—KCP
— Cavity Preparation Using Lasers
Laser Supported Cavity Preparation
— Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG Lasers
— Surface Characteristics of Laser-prepared Cavities
— Adhesion and Margin Seal of Laser Prepared Cavities
Mechanisms of Ablation
— Mechanism of Absorption of Light in the 3 pm Range by Water
— Physical Factors Influencing Ablation Efficiency and Quality
— Criteria for Optimized Laser Systems in Hard Tissue Ablation
Ablation with Low Collateral Damage
— Ablation by Ultrashort Laser Pulses — from Thermal Ablation to Plasma Mediated Ablation
Other Types of Laser
— CO, Laser
— Nd:YAG Laser
— Ho:YAG Laser
Practical Procedure in Laser-assisted Cavity Preparation
— Application of the Rubber Dam
— Display of the Cavity
— Removal of Caries
— Finishing and Restoration of the Cavity
Choice of Parameters
5. Photo Polymerization
— Composition of Light Cured Filling Materials
Photo Polymerization Reaction
Laser Photo Polymerization versus Traditional Methods
— Improved Clinical Performance of Laser Cured Materials
Factors Associated with Photo Polymerization
Clinical Procedure of Photo Polymerization by an Argon Laser
6. Dentin Hypersensitivity
— Causes
— Theories of Dentin Hypersensitivity
— Natural Pulpal Defense Mechanisms
Conventional Treatment Methods
— Common Agents
Laser Application in Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity
— Lower Output Power Lasers
CQO, Laser
— Direct Method
— Indirect Method
Clinical Procedure
— Initial Diagnosis and Evaluation
7. Laser-assisted Cosmetic Dentistry
Causes of Tooth Discoloration
— Extrinsic discolorations
— Several Kinds of Extrinsic Discolorations
— Intrinsic Discolorations
— Discolorations in the Formative Phase
Treatment Options
Bleaching
— Bleaching Mechanism of Teeth
— Conventional Bleaching
Clinical Procedure of Laser-assisted Teeth Whitening
— Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
— Oral Prophylaxis and Application of Gingival Barrier
— Laser-assisted Crown Lengthening Procedure
— Laser-assisted Crown Lengthening Clinical Procedure
— Laser-assisted Gingival Depigmentation Procedure
8. Laser Application in Pediatric Dentistry
Direct Pulp Capping
— Prerequisites for Direct Pulp Capping
Procedures
— Conventional Pulp Capping
— Laser-assisted Pulp Capping
— Vitality Tests following Laser-assisted Pulp Capping
Pulpotomy
— Introduction
— Laser-assisted Pulpotomy
Soft Tissue Lasers Applications in Pediatric Dentistry
Application of Lasers on Infantile Oral Soft Tissue Lesions
9. Laser in Endodontics
— Endodontic Problems
Root Canal Sterilization
— Conventional Methods
— Limitations/Disadvantages of Rinsing Solutions
— Laser Supported Root Canal Sterilization
e Description of the Different Wavelengths
— Nd: YAG Laser
— Diode Laser
— Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG Lasers
Root Canal Preparation
Apical Sealing
Safety in Laser Treatment
Indications
Practical Procedure
— Access Cavity Preparation
— Root Canal Shaping
— Root Canal Filling
10. Laser-assisted Periodontal Therapy
Etiology, Definitions and Pathogenesis
— Gingivitis—Periodontitis—Gingival Recession
— Plaque
— Periodonto Pathogenic Bacteria
— Histology
Classification of Periodontal Diseases
— Gingivits
— Chronic Periodontitis
— Aggressive Periodontitis
— Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases
Conventional Therapy
— Initial Therapy
— Corrective Phase or Surgical Corrective Measures
— Supporting Periodontal Therapy
Laser Therapy
— Applied Lasers
— Impact of Different Lasers on Tissues
— Diode Laser
— Nd: YAG Laser CO, Laser
— Er: YAG Laser
— Frequency-doubled Alexandrite Laser
Practical Procedure
— Initial Diagnosis and Evaluation
— Clinical Preparation
— Aim of Treatment
— Laser Therapy
Investigations of the Laser Effects
11. Laser in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
— Specific Surgical Problems
Conventional Therapy
— Scalpel
— Electrotomy
Laser Therapy
Advantages and Disadvantages of Laser-assisted Oral Surgery
— Advantages
— Disadvantages
Techniques for Laser Use in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
— Incision and Excision
— Ablation and Vaporization
— Hemostasis Techniques
Laser in Implant Dentistry
— Peri-implantitis
Cosmetic Facial Laser Surgery
Laser-assisted Routine Clinical Procedures
— Pericoronitis
— Frenectomy and Ankyloglossia
— Vestibuloplasty
— Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer Treatment
Laser-assisted Biopsy
12. Laser as an Adjunct to Orthodontics
Laser-assisted Bonding
Laser-assisted Tooth Exposure
13. Low Level Laser Therapy
Mechanism of Action
Cellular Effects of LLLT during Wound Healing
Effect of LLLT on Neural Tissues
LLLT Applications in Clinical Dentistry
— Indications
— Factors Affecting the Efficacy of LLLT
LLLT Equipment
— LLLT Devices
Advantages and Disadvantages of LLLT
— Advantages of Low Level Laser Therapy
— Disadvantages of Soft Laser Therapy
14. Photo-activated Disinfection
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
— Mechanism of Action of PAD
Photosensitizers
Indications of PAD Technique
Lasers Used in PAD
15. Integrating Lasers into Your Practice: Practice Management
Dental Office in 21st Century
— Dentist’s Team Vision
— Expectations of the Staff
Establishing Fees for Laser Procedures
Marketing Laser Dentistry
Bibliography
9789350253779 9350253771
Lasers in dentistry.
617.605 / J.K.F
Fundamentals of Laser Dentistry / by Kirpa Johar. - First editon - 151 pages : color illustrations ; 28 cm
Includes bibliographical references (pages[145]-148) and index.
1. Basic Physics and Concepts of Lasers used in Dentistry
• Properties of Light
• Function of Laser Involving Optical Concepts
– Interaction Between Light and Matter
– Basic Scheme of a Laser
– Population Inversion
– Gaussian Beam and Laser Resonator
– Beam Delivery System
– Emission Modes
• Laser Tissue Interaction
– Effects of Temperature on Target Tissue
• Laser Media
– Gas Lasers
– Dye Lasers
– Semi-conductor—Diode Lasers
– Solid-state Lasers
• Pumping Methods and Schemes
• Laser Concepts
– Excimer Laser
– Dye Lasers
– Argon Ion Laser
– CO2
Laser
– Semi-conductor Lasers/Diode Lasers
– Solid State Laser
2. Laser Safety
– Reasons for Laser Safety Education
– Maximum Permissible Exposure
• Classification of Light
– Wavelengths and their Penetration Depth
– Effect of Laser Beam on the Eye
– Impacts on Skin
• Laser Classes
– Class 1
– Class 1M
– Class 2
– Class 2M
– Class 3A
– Class 3B
– New Class 3R
– Class 4
• Secondary Hazards
– Common Hazards
– Specific Hazards
• Protective Measures
– Laser Protective Eyewear
– Labeling
– Directions
• Organizational Protective Arrangements
– Nomination of a Laser Safety Officer (LSO)
– Duties and Responsibilities of Laser Safety Officer
• Evaluation
3. Lasers in Preventive Dentistry
• Conventional Treatment Methods
• Laser Application in Preventive Dentistry
– Light Interaction with Dental Hard Tissues
– Scattering and Absorption Parameters Mechanism of Laser Irradiation and Improved Caries Resistance
— Changes in Enamel Composition
— Creation of Microsive or Micropore System
Effect of CO, Lasers on Caries Prevention
— Surface Characteristics
— Combined with Fluoride Treatment
— Clinical Application
Effect of Argon Lasers
— Mechanism of Action
Effect of Nd:YAG Lasers
— Combined with Fluoride Treatment
— Clinical Application
Effect of Er: YAG, Er, Cr:YSGG, Ho:YAG and UV Lasers
4, Lasers in Operative Dentistry
— Development of the Laser-assisted Cavity Preparation
Conventional Methods
— Rotary Instruments
— Kinetic Cavity Preparation—KCP
— Cavity Preparation Using Lasers
Laser Supported Cavity Preparation
— Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG Lasers
— Surface Characteristics of Laser-prepared Cavities
— Adhesion and Margin Seal of Laser Prepared Cavities
Mechanisms of Ablation
— Mechanism of Absorption of Light in the 3 pm Range by Water
— Physical Factors Influencing Ablation Efficiency and Quality
— Criteria for Optimized Laser Systems in Hard Tissue Ablation
Ablation with Low Collateral Damage
— Ablation by Ultrashort Laser Pulses — from Thermal Ablation to Plasma Mediated Ablation
Other Types of Laser
— CO, Laser
— Nd:YAG Laser
— Ho:YAG Laser
Practical Procedure in Laser-assisted Cavity Preparation
— Application of the Rubber Dam
— Display of the Cavity
— Removal of Caries
— Finishing and Restoration of the Cavity
Choice of Parameters
5. Photo Polymerization
— Composition of Light Cured Filling Materials
Photo Polymerization Reaction
Laser Photo Polymerization versus Traditional Methods
— Improved Clinical Performance of Laser Cured Materials
Factors Associated with Photo Polymerization
Clinical Procedure of Photo Polymerization by an Argon Laser
6. Dentin Hypersensitivity
— Causes
— Theories of Dentin Hypersensitivity
— Natural Pulpal Defense Mechanisms
Conventional Treatment Methods
— Common Agents
Laser Application in Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity
— Lower Output Power Lasers
CQO, Laser
— Direct Method
— Indirect Method
Clinical Procedure
— Initial Diagnosis and Evaluation
7. Laser-assisted Cosmetic Dentistry
Causes of Tooth Discoloration
— Extrinsic discolorations
— Several Kinds of Extrinsic Discolorations
— Intrinsic Discolorations
— Discolorations in the Formative Phase
Treatment Options
Bleaching
— Bleaching Mechanism of Teeth
— Conventional Bleaching
Clinical Procedure of Laser-assisted Teeth Whitening
— Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
— Oral Prophylaxis and Application of Gingival Barrier
— Laser-assisted Crown Lengthening Procedure
— Laser-assisted Crown Lengthening Clinical Procedure
— Laser-assisted Gingival Depigmentation Procedure
8. Laser Application in Pediatric Dentistry
Direct Pulp Capping
— Prerequisites for Direct Pulp Capping
Procedures
— Conventional Pulp Capping
— Laser-assisted Pulp Capping
— Vitality Tests following Laser-assisted Pulp Capping
Pulpotomy
— Introduction
— Laser-assisted Pulpotomy
Soft Tissue Lasers Applications in Pediatric Dentistry
Application of Lasers on Infantile Oral Soft Tissue Lesions
9. Laser in Endodontics
— Endodontic Problems
Root Canal Sterilization
— Conventional Methods
— Limitations/Disadvantages of Rinsing Solutions
— Laser Supported Root Canal Sterilization
e Description of the Different Wavelengths
— Nd: YAG Laser
— Diode Laser
— Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG Lasers
Root Canal Preparation
Apical Sealing
Safety in Laser Treatment
Indications
Practical Procedure
— Access Cavity Preparation
— Root Canal Shaping
— Root Canal Filling
10. Laser-assisted Periodontal Therapy
Etiology, Definitions and Pathogenesis
— Gingivitis—Periodontitis—Gingival Recession
— Plaque
— Periodonto Pathogenic Bacteria
— Histology
Classification of Periodontal Diseases
— Gingivits
— Chronic Periodontitis
— Aggressive Periodontitis
— Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases
Conventional Therapy
— Initial Therapy
— Corrective Phase or Surgical Corrective Measures
— Supporting Periodontal Therapy
Laser Therapy
— Applied Lasers
— Impact of Different Lasers on Tissues
— Diode Laser
— Nd: YAG Laser CO, Laser
— Er: YAG Laser
— Frequency-doubled Alexandrite Laser
Practical Procedure
— Initial Diagnosis and Evaluation
— Clinical Preparation
— Aim of Treatment
— Laser Therapy
Investigations of the Laser Effects
11. Laser in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
— Specific Surgical Problems
Conventional Therapy
— Scalpel
— Electrotomy
Laser Therapy
Advantages and Disadvantages of Laser-assisted Oral Surgery
— Advantages
— Disadvantages
Techniques for Laser Use in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
— Incision and Excision
— Ablation and Vaporization
— Hemostasis Techniques
Laser in Implant Dentistry
— Peri-implantitis
Cosmetic Facial Laser Surgery
Laser-assisted Routine Clinical Procedures
— Pericoronitis
— Frenectomy and Ankyloglossia
— Vestibuloplasty
— Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer Treatment
Laser-assisted Biopsy
12. Laser as an Adjunct to Orthodontics
Laser-assisted Bonding
Laser-assisted Tooth Exposure
13. Low Level Laser Therapy
Mechanism of Action
Cellular Effects of LLLT during Wound Healing
Effect of LLLT on Neural Tissues
LLLT Applications in Clinical Dentistry
— Indications
— Factors Affecting the Efficacy of LLLT
LLLT Equipment
— LLLT Devices
Advantages and Disadvantages of LLLT
— Advantages of Low Level Laser Therapy
— Disadvantages of Soft Laser Therapy
14. Photo-activated Disinfection
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
— Mechanism of Action of PAD
Photosensitizers
Indications of PAD Technique
Lasers Used in PAD
15. Integrating Lasers into Your Practice: Practice Management
Dental Office in 21st Century
— Dentist’s Team Vision
— Expectations of the Staff
Establishing Fees for Laser Procedures
Marketing Laser Dentistry
Bibliography
9789350253779 9350253771
Lasers in dentistry.
617.605 / J.K.F