Chemistry : principles, patterns, and applications /
Averill, Bruce,
Chemistry : principles, patterns, and applications / Bruce Averill, Patricia Eldredge ; with contributions by C. Alton Hassell, Daniel J. Stasko. - xxxv, 1131, 75, 3, 24 pages : illustartions (some color) ; 29 cm
Includes index.
Part I. Fundamental Concepts --
1. Introduction to Chemistry --
1.1. Chemistry in the Modern World --
1.2. The Scientific Method --
1.3. A Description of Matter --
1.4. A Brief History of Chemistry --
1.5. The Atom --
1.6. Isotopes and Atomic Masses --
1.7. Introduction to the Periodic Table --
1.8. Essential Elements --
2. Molecules, Ions, and Chemical Formulas --
2.1. Chemical Compounds --
2.2. Chemical Formulas --
2.3. Naming Ionic Compounds --
2.4. Naming Covalent Compounds --
2.5. Acids and Bases --
2.6. Industrially Important Chemicals --
3. Chemical Reactions --
3.1. The Mole and Molar Masses --
3.2. Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas --
3.3. Chemical Equations --
3.4. Mass Relationships in Chemical Equations --
3.5. Classifying Chemical Reactions --
3.6. Chemical Reactions in the Atmosphere --
4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution --
4.1. Aqueous Solutions --
4.2. Solution Concentrations --
4.3. Stoichiometry of Reactions in Solution --
4.4. Ionic Equations --
4.5. Precipitation Reactions --
4.6. Acid-Base Reactions --
4.7. The Chemistry of Acid Rain --
4.8. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in Solution --
4.9. Quantitative Analysis Using Titrations --
5. Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions --
5.1. Energy and Work --
5.2. Enthalpy --
5.3. Calorimetry --
5.4. Thermochemistry and Nutrition --
5.5. Energy Sources and the Environment --
Part II. Atomic and Molecular Structure --
6. The Structure of Atoms --
6.1. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation --
6.2. The Quantization of Energy --
6.3. Atomic Spectra and Models of the Atom --
6.4. The Relationship Between Energy and Mass --
6.5. Atomic Orbitals and Their Energies --
6.6. Building Up the Periodic Table --
7. The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends --
7.1. The History of the Periodic Table --
7.2. Sizes of Atoms and Ions --
7.3. Energetics of Ion Formation --
7.4. The Chemical Families --
7.5. Trace Elements in Biological Systems --
8. Structure and Bonding I : Ionic Versus Covalent Bonding --
8.1. An Overview of Chemical Bonding --
8.2. Ionic Bonding --
8.3. Lattice Energies in Ionic Solids --
8.4. Introduction to Lewis Electron Structures --
8.5. Lewis Structures and Covalent Bonding --
8.6. Exceptions to the Octet Rule --
8.7. Lewis Acids and Bases --
8.8. Properties of Covalent Bonds --
8.9. Polar Covalent Bonds --
9. Structure and Bonding II : Molecular Geometry and Models of Covalent Bonding --
9.1. Predicting the Geometry of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions --
9.2. Localized Bonding and Hybrid Atomic Orbitals --
9.3. Delocalized Bonding and Molecular Orbitals --
9.4. Combining the Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Approaches --
Part III. The States of Matter --
10. Gases --
10.1. Gaseous Elements and Compounds --
10.2. Gas Pressure --
10.3. Relationships Between Pressure, Temperature, Amount, and Volume --
10.4. The Ideal Gas Law --
10.5. Mixtures of Gases --
10.6. Gas Volumes and Stoichiometry --
10.7. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases --
10.8. The Behavior of Real Gases --
11. Liquids --
11.1. The Kinetic Molecular Description of Liquids --
11.2. Intermolecular Forces --
11.3. Unique Properties of Liquids --
11.4. Vapor Pressure --
11.5. Changes of State --
11.6. Critical Temperature and Pressure --
11.7. Phase Diagrams --
11.8. Liquid Crystals --
12. Solids --
12.1. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids --
12.2. The Arrangement of Atoms in Crystalline Solids --
12.3. Structures of Simple Binary Compounds --
12.4. Defects in Crystals --
12.5. Correlation Between Bonding and the Properties of Solids --
12.6. Bonding in Metals and Semiconductors --
12.7. Superconductors --
12.8. Polymeric Solids --
12.9. Contemporary Materials --
13. Solutions --
13.1. Factors Affecting Solution Formation --
13.2. Solubility and Molecular Structure --
13.3. Units of Concentration --
13.4. Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility --
13.5. Colligative Properties of Solutions --
13.6. Aggregate Particles in Aqueous Solution --
Part IV. Kinetics and Equilibria --
14. Chemical Kinetics --
14.1. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates --
14.2. Reaction Rates and Rate Laws --
14.3. Methods of Determining Reaction Orders --
14.4. Using Graphs to Determine Rate Laws, Rate Constants, and Reaction Orders --
14.5. Half-Lives and Radioactive Decay Kinetics --
14.6. Reaction Rates-A Microscopic View --
14.7. The Collision Model of Chemical Kinetics --
14.8. Catalysis --
15. Chemical Equilibrium --
15.1. The Concept of Chemical Equilibrium --
15.2. The Equilibrium Constant --
15.3. Solving Equilibrium Problems --
15.4. Nonequilibrium Conditions --
15.5. Factors That Affect Equilibrium --
15.6. Controlling the Products of Reactions --
16. Aqueous Acid-Base Equilibria --
16.1. The Autoionization of Water --
16.2. A Qualitative Description of Acid-Base Equilibria --
16.3. Molecular Structure and Acid-Base Strength --
16.4. Quantitative Aspects of Acid-Base Equilibria --
16.5. Acid-Base Titrations --
16.6. Buffers --
17. Solubility and Complexation Equilibria --
17.1. Determining the Solubility of Ionic Compounds --
17.2. Factors That Affect Solubility --
17.3. Complex-Ion Formation --
17.4. Solubility and pH --
17.5. Qualitative Analysis Using Selective Precipitation --
18. Chemical Thermodynamics --
18.1. Thermodynamics and Work --
18.2. The First Law of Thermodynamics --
18.3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics --
18.4. Entropy Changes and the Third Law of Thermodynamics --
18.5. Free Energy --
18.6. Spontaneity and Equilibrium --
18.7. Comparing Thermodynamics and Kinetics --
18.8. Thermodynamics and Life --
19. Electrochemistry --
19.1. Describing Electrochemical Cells --
19.2. Standard Potentials --
19.3. Comparing Strengths of Oxidants and Reductants --
19.4. Electrochemical Cells and Thermodynamics --
19.5. Commercial Galvanic Cells --
19.6. Corrosion --
19.7. Electrolysis --
20. Nuclear Chemistry --
20.1. The Components of the Nucleus --
20.2. Nuclear Reactions --
20.3. The Interaction of Nuclear Radiation with Matter --
20.4. Thermodynamic Stability of the Atomic Nucleus --
20.5. Applied Nuclear Chemistry --
20.6. The Origin of the Elements --
Part V. Chemistry of the Elements --
21. Periodic Trends and the s-Block Elements --
21.1. Overview of Periodic Trends --
21.2. The Chemistry of Hydrogen --
21.3. The Alkali Metals (Group 1) --
21.4. The Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2) --
21.5. The s-Block Elements in Biology --
22. The p-Block Elements --
22.1. The Elements of Group 13 --
22.2. The Elements of Group 14 --
22.3. The Elements of Group 15 (the Pnicogens) --
22.4. The Elements of Group 16 (the Chalcogens) --
22.5. The Elements of Group 17 (the Halogens) --
22.6. The Elements of Group 18 (the Noble Gases) --
23. The d-Block Elements --
23.1. General Trends Among the Transition Metals --
23.2. A Brief Survey of Transition-Metal Chemistry --
23.3. Metallurgy --
23.4. Coordination Compounds --
23.5. Crystal Field Theory --
23.6. Transition Metals in Biology --
24. Organic Compounds --
24.1. Functional Groups and Classes of Organic Compounds --
24.2. Isomers of Organic Compounds --
24.3. Reactivity of Organic Molecules --
24.4. Common Classes of Organic Reactions --
24.5. Common Classes of Organic Compounds --
24.6. The Molecules of Life --
A. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Chemical Substances at 25[degree]C --
B. Solubility-Product Constants (K[subscript sp]) for Compounds at 25[degree]C --
C. Dissociation Constants and pK[subscript a] Values for Acids at 25[degree]C --
D. Ionization Constants and pK[subscript b] Values for Bases at 25[degree]C --
E. Standard Reduction Potentials at 25[degree]C --
F. Properties of Water --
G. Glossary --
H. Answers to Selected Problems.
0805338039 9780805338034 0321413709 9780321413703 (pbk.)
2005022980
GBA772431 bnb
Chemistry--Textbooks.
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical--Textbooks.
Environmental chemistry--Textbooks.
Chemistry, Technical--Textbooks.
QD31.2 / .A94 2007
540 / A.B.C
Chemistry : principles, patterns, and applications / Bruce Averill, Patricia Eldredge ; with contributions by C. Alton Hassell, Daniel J. Stasko. - xxxv, 1131, 75, 3, 24 pages : illustartions (some color) ; 29 cm
Includes index.
Part I. Fundamental Concepts --
1. Introduction to Chemistry --
1.1. Chemistry in the Modern World --
1.2. The Scientific Method --
1.3. A Description of Matter --
1.4. A Brief History of Chemistry --
1.5. The Atom --
1.6. Isotopes and Atomic Masses --
1.7. Introduction to the Periodic Table --
1.8. Essential Elements --
2. Molecules, Ions, and Chemical Formulas --
2.1. Chemical Compounds --
2.2. Chemical Formulas --
2.3. Naming Ionic Compounds --
2.4. Naming Covalent Compounds --
2.5. Acids and Bases --
2.6. Industrially Important Chemicals --
3. Chemical Reactions --
3.1. The Mole and Molar Masses --
3.2. Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas --
3.3. Chemical Equations --
3.4. Mass Relationships in Chemical Equations --
3.5. Classifying Chemical Reactions --
3.6. Chemical Reactions in the Atmosphere --
4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution --
4.1. Aqueous Solutions --
4.2. Solution Concentrations --
4.3. Stoichiometry of Reactions in Solution --
4.4. Ionic Equations --
4.5. Precipitation Reactions --
4.6. Acid-Base Reactions --
4.7. The Chemistry of Acid Rain --
4.8. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in Solution --
4.9. Quantitative Analysis Using Titrations --
5. Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions --
5.1. Energy and Work --
5.2. Enthalpy --
5.3. Calorimetry --
5.4. Thermochemistry and Nutrition --
5.5. Energy Sources and the Environment --
Part II. Atomic and Molecular Structure --
6. The Structure of Atoms --
6.1. Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation --
6.2. The Quantization of Energy --
6.3. Atomic Spectra and Models of the Atom --
6.4. The Relationship Between Energy and Mass --
6.5. Atomic Orbitals and Their Energies --
6.6. Building Up the Periodic Table --
7. The Periodic Table and Periodic Trends --
7.1. The History of the Periodic Table --
7.2. Sizes of Atoms and Ions --
7.3. Energetics of Ion Formation --
7.4. The Chemical Families --
7.5. Trace Elements in Biological Systems --
8. Structure and Bonding I : Ionic Versus Covalent Bonding --
8.1. An Overview of Chemical Bonding --
8.2. Ionic Bonding --
8.3. Lattice Energies in Ionic Solids --
8.4. Introduction to Lewis Electron Structures --
8.5. Lewis Structures and Covalent Bonding --
8.6. Exceptions to the Octet Rule --
8.7. Lewis Acids and Bases --
8.8. Properties of Covalent Bonds --
8.9. Polar Covalent Bonds --
9. Structure and Bonding II : Molecular Geometry and Models of Covalent Bonding --
9.1. Predicting the Geometry of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions --
9.2. Localized Bonding and Hybrid Atomic Orbitals --
9.3. Delocalized Bonding and Molecular Orbitals --
9.4. Combining the Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Approaches --
Part III. The States of Matter --
10. Gases --
10.1. Gaseous Elements and Compounds --
10.2. Gas Pressure --
10.3. Relationships Between Pressure, Temperature, Amount, and Volume --
10.4. The Ideal Gas Law --
10.5. Mixtures of Gases --
10.6. Gas Volumes and Stoichiometry --
10.7. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases --
10.8. The Behavior of Real Gases --
11. Liquids --
11.1. The Kinetic Molecular Description of Liquids --
11.2. Intermolecular Forces --
11.3. Unique Properties of Liquids --
11.4. Vapor Pressure --
11.5. Changes of State --
11.6. Critical Temperature and Pressure --
11.7. Phase Diagrams --
11.8. Liquid Crystals --
12. Solids --
12.1. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids --
12.2. The Arrangement of Atoms in Crystalline Solids --
12.3. Structures of Simple Binary Compounds --
12.4. Defects in Crystals --
12.5. Correlation Between Bonding and the Properties of Solids --
12.6. Bonding in Metals and Semiconductors --
12.7. Superconductors --
12.8. Polymeric Solids --
12.9. Contemporary Materials --
13. Solutions --
13.1. Factors Affecting Solution Formation --
13.2. Solubility and Molecular Structure --
13.3. Units of Concentration --
13.4. Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility --
13.5. Colligative Properties of Solutions --
13.6. Aggregate Particles in Aqueous Solution --
Part IV. Kinetics and Equilibria --
14. Chemical Kinetics --
14.1. Factors That Affect Reaction Rates --
14.2. Reaction Rates and Rate Laws --
14.3. Methods of Determining Reaction Orders --
14.4. Using Graphs to Determine Rate Laws, Rate Constants, and Reaction Orders --
14.5. Half-Lives and Radioactive Decay Kinetics --
14.6. Reaction Rates-A Microscopic View --
14.7. The Collision Model of Chemical Kinetics --
14.8. Catalysis --
15. Chemical Equilibrium --
15.1. The Concept of Chemical Equilibrium --
15.2. The Equilibrium Constant --
15.3. Solving Equilibrium Problems --
15.4. Nonequilibrium Conditions --
15.5. Factors That Affect Equilibrium --
15.6. Controlling the Products of Reactions --
16. Aqueous Acid-Base Equilibria --
16.1. The Autoionization of Water --
16.2. A Qualitative Description of Acid-Base Equilibria --
16.3. Molecular Structure and Acid-Base Strength --
16.4. Quantitative Aspects of Acid-Base Equilibria --
16.5. Acid-Base Titrations --
16.6. Buffers --
17. Solubility and Complexation Equilibria --
17.1. Determining the Solubility of Ionic Compounds --
17.2. Factors That Affect Solubility --
17.3. Complex-Ion Formation --
17.4. Solubility and pH --
17.5. Qualitative Analysis Using Selective Precipitation --
18. Chemical Thermodynamics --
18.1. Thermodynamics and Work --
18.2. The First Law of Thermodynamics --
18.3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics --
18.4. Entropy Changes and the Third Law of Thermodynamics --
18.5. Free Energy --
18.6. Spontaneity and Equilibrium --
18.7. Comparing Thermodynamics and Kinetics --
18.8. Thermodynamics and Life --
19. Electrochemistry --
19.1. Describing Electrochemical Cells --
19.2. Standard Potentials --
19.3. Comparing Strengths of Oxidants and Reductants --
19.4. Electrochemical Cells and Thermodynamics --
19.5. Commercial Galvanic Cells --
19.6. Corrosion --
19.7. Electrolysis --
20. Nuclear Chemistry --
20.1. The Components of the Nucleus --
20.2. Nuclear Reactions --
20.3. The Interaction of Nuclear Radiation with Matter --
20.4. Thermodynamic Stability of the Atomic Nucleus --
20.5. Applied Nuclear Chemistry --
20.6. The Origin of the Elements --
Part V. Chemistry of the Elements --
21. Periodic Trends and the s-Block Elements --
21.1. Overview of Periodic Trends --
21.2. The Chemistry of Hydrogen --
21.3. The Alkali Metals (Group 1) --
21.4. The Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2) --
21.5. The s-Block Elements in Biology --
22. The p-Block Elements --
22.1. The Elements of Group 13 --
22.2. The Elements of Group 14 --
22.3. The Elements of Group 15 (the Pnicogens) --
22.4. The Elements of Group 16 (the Chalcogens) --
22.5. The Elements of Group 17 (the Halogens) --
22.6. The Elements of Group 18 (the Noble Gases) --
23. The d-Block Elements --
23.1. General Trends Among the Transition Metals --
23.2. A Brief Survey of Transition-Metal Chemistry --
23.3. Metallurgy --
23.4. Coordination Compounds --
23.5. Crystal Field Theory --
23.6. Transition Metals in Biology --
24. Organic Compounds --
24.1. Functional Groups and Classes of Organic Compounds --
24.2. Isomers of Organic Compounds --
24.3. Reactivity of Organic Molecules --
24.4. Common Classes of Organic Reactions --
24.5. Common Classes of Organic Compounds --
24.6. The Molecules of Life --
A. Standard Thermodynamic Quantities for Chemical Substances at 25[degree]C --
B. Solubility-Product Constants (K[subscript sp]) for Compounds at 25[degree]C --
C. Dissociation Constants and pK[subscript a] Values for Acids at 25[degree]C --
D. Ionization Constants and pK[subscript b] Values for Bases at 25[degree]C --
E. Standard Reduction Potentials at 25[degree]C --
F. Properties of Water --
G. Glossary --
H. Answers to Selected Problems.
0805338039 9780805338034 0321413709 9780321413703 (pbk.)
2005022980
GBA772431 bnb
Chemistry--Textbooks.
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical--Textbooks.
Environmental chemistry--Textbooks.
Chemistry, Technical--Textbooks.
QD31.2 / .A94 2007
540 / A.B.C