MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
32340cam a22003734a 4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER |
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14023679 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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OSt |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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20190722142312.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
050701s2007 maua 001 0 eng |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
9780071105972 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
0071105972 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
9780071107952 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
0071107959 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
DLC |
| Transcribing agency |
DLC |
| Modifying agency |
DLC |
| 082 04 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
547 |
| Edition number |
22 |
| Item number |
D.K.G |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Denniston, K. J. |
| Fuller form of name |
(Katherine J.) |
| 9 (RLIN) |
54 |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
General, organic, and biochemistry / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc |
Katherine J. Denniston, Joseph J. Topping, Robert L. Caret. |
| 250 ## - EDITION STATEMENT |
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| Edition statement |
5th ed. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc |
Boston : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc |
McGraw-Hill Higher Education, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc |
c2007. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
1 v. (various pagings) : |
| Other physical details |
ill. (some col.) ; |
| Dimensions |
29 cm. |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacontent |
| Content type term |
text |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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| Source |
rdamedia |
| Media type term |
unmediated |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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| Source |
rdacarrier |
| Carrier type term |
volume |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Includes index. |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
Contents<br/>Preface xxi<br/>Supplementary Materials xxiv<br/>Acknowledgments xxv<br/>Media System xxvii<br/>Learning System xxviii<br/>General Chemistry<br/>1 Chemistry: Methods and Measurement 1<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Chance Favors the Prepared Mind 2<br/>1.1 The Discovery Process 3<br/>Chemistry 3<br/>Major Areas of Chemistry 3<br/>The Scientific Method 3<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: The Scientific Method 4<br/>Models in Chemistry 5<br/>1.2 Matter and Properties 5<br/>Matter and Physical Properties 5<br/>Matter and Chemical Properties 6<br/>Intensive and Extensive Properties 7<br/>Classification of Matter 8<br/>1.3 Measurement in Chemistry 10<br/>Data, Results, and Units 10<br/>English and Metric Units 10<br/>Unit Conversion: English and Metric Systems 12<br/>Conversion of Units within the Same System 12<br/>Conversion of Units from One System to Another 14<br/>1.4 Significant Figures and Scientific Notation 15<br/>Significant Figures 15<br/>Recognition of Significant Figures 16<br/>Scientific Notation 17<br/>Significant Figures in Calculation of Results 18<br/>Rounding Off Numbers 20<br/>1.5 Experimental Quantities 21<br/>Mass 21<br/>Length 22<br/>Volume 22<br/>Time 23<br/>Temperature 23<br/>Energy 24<br/>Concentration 26<br/>Density and Specific Gravity 26<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Food Calories 25<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Diagnosis Based on Waste 29<br/>Summary 29<br/>Key Terms 30<br/>Questions and Problems 31<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 32<br/>2 The Composition and Structure of the Atom 33<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Curiosity, Science, and Medicine 34<br/>2.1 Matter and Structure 34<br/>An Overview 34<br/>Atomic Structure 35<br/>2.2 Composition of the Atom 35<br/>Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons 36<br/>Isotopes 37<br/>Ions 40<br/>2.3 Development of Atomic Theory 41<br/>Dalton's Theory 41<br/>Evidence for Subatomic Particles: Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons 42<br/>Evidence for the Nucleus 43<br/>2.4 The Relationship between Light and Atomic Structure 44<br/>2.5 The Bohr Atom 46<br/>2.6 Modern Atomic Theory 47<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Atomic Spectra and the Fourth of July 47<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Electromagnetic Radiation and Its Effects on Our<br/>Everyday Lives 48<br/>Summary 50<br/>Key Terms 50<br/>Questions and Problems 51<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 52<br/>3 Elements, Atoms, Ions, and the Periodic Table 53<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Managing Mountains of Information 54<br/>3.1 The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table 54<br/>Numbering Groups in the Periodic Table 56<br/>Periods and Groups 57<br/>Metals and Nonmetals 57<br/>Atomic Number and Atomic Mass 57<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE:<br/>Copper Deficiency and Wilson's Disease 58<br/>3.2 Electron Arrangement and the Periodic Table 59<br/>Valence Electrons 59<br/>The Quantum Mechanical Atom 62<br/>Energy Levels and Sublevels 62<br/>Electron Configuration and the Aufbau Principle 64<br/>Abbreviated Electron Configurations 66<br/>3.3 The Octet Rule 67<br/>Ion Formation and the Octet Rule 67<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Dietary Calcium 69<br/>3.4 Trends in the Periodic Table 70<br/>Atomic Size 70<br/>Ion Size 70<br/>Ionization Energy 70<br/>Electron Affinity 72<br/>Summary 73<br/>Key Terms 73<br/>Questions and Problems 73<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 75<br/>4 Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds 77<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Magnets and Migration 78<br/>4.1 Chemical Bonding 78<br/>Lewis Symbols 79<br/>Principal Types of Chemical Bonds: Ionic and Covalent 79<br/>Polar Covalent Bonding and Electronegativity 81<br/>4.2 Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas of Compounds 83<br/>Ionic Compounds 83<br/>Covalent Compounds 88<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Origin of the Elements 91<br/>4.3 Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds 91<br/>Physical State 91<br/>Melting and Boiling Points 91<br/>Structure of Compounds in the Solid State 92<br/>Solutions of Ionic and Covalent Compounds 92<br/>4.4 Drawing Lewis Structures of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions 92<br/>Lewis Structures of Molecules 92<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE:<br/>Blood Pressure and the Sodium Ion/Potassium Ion Ratio 93<br/>Lewis Structures of Polyatomic Ions 96<br/>Lewis Structure, Stability, Multiple Bonds, and Bond Energies 98<br/>Lewis Structures and Resonance 99<br/>Lewis Structures and Exceptions to the Octet Rule 101<br/>Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry; VSEPR Theory 102<br/>Lewis Structures and Polarity 107<br/>4.5 Properties Based on Electronic Structure and Molecular Geometry 109<br/>Solubility 110<br/>Boiling Points of Liquids and Melting Points of Solids 110<br/>Summary 111<br/>Key Terms 112<br/>Questions and Problems 113<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 114<br/>5 Calculations and the Chemical Equation 115<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: The Chemistry of<br/>Automobile Air Bags 116<br/>5.1 The Mole Concept and Atoms 117<br/>The Mole and Avogadro's Number 117<br/>Calculating Atoms, Moles, and Mass 118<br/>5.2 Compounds 121<br/>The Chemical Formula 121<br/>5.3 The Mole Concept Applied to Compounds 122<br/>5.4 The Chemical Equation and the Information It Conveys 124<br/>A Recipe for Chemical Change 124<br/>Features of a Chemical Equation 125<br/>The Experimental Basis of a Chemical Equation 125<br/>5.5 Balancing Chemical Equations 126<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Case of Combining Ratios <br/>130<br/>5.6 Calculations Using the Chemical Equation 131<br/>General Principles 131<br/>Use of Conversion Factors 131<br/>Theoretical and Percent Yield 137<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Pharmaceutical Chemistry: The Practical Significance of <br/>Percent Yield 138<br/>Summary 139<br/>Key Terms 140<br/>Questions and Problems 140<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 142<br/>6 States of Matter: Gases, Liquids, and Solids 143<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: The Demise of the Hindenburg 144<br/>6.1 The Gaseous State 145<br/>Ideal Gas Concept 145<br/>Measurement of Gases 145<br/>Boyle's Law 146<br/>Charles's Law 148<br/>Combined Gas Law 150<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Autoclaves and the Gas Laws 151<br/>Avogadro's Law 153<br/>Molar Volume of a Gas 154<br/>Gas Densities 154<br/>The Ideal Gas Law 154<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 157<br/>Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures 157<br/>Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 158<br/>Ideal Gases Versus Real Gases 158<br/>6.2 The Liquid State 159<br/>Compressibility 159<br/>Viscosity 159<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Blood Gases and Respiration 160<br/>Surface Tension 160<br/>Vapor Pressure of a Liquid 161<br/>Van der Waals Forces 162<br/>Hydrogen Bonding 162<br/>6.3 The Solid State 163<br/>Properties of Solids 164<br/>Types of Crystalline Solids 164<br/>Summary 165<br/>Key Terms 166<br/>Questions and Problems 166<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 167<br/>7 Reactions and Solutions 169<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Seeing a Thought 170<br/>7.1 Writing Chemical Reactions 171<br/>Combination Reactions 171<br/>Decomposition<br/>Reactions 171<br/>Replacement Reactions 171<br/>7.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 172<br/>Precipitation Reactions 172<br/>Reactions with Oxygen 174<br/>Acid-Base Reactions 174<br/>Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 174<br/>7.3 Properties of Solutions 175<br/>General Properties of Liquid Solutions 175<br/>Solutions and Colloids 176<br/>Degree of Solubility 177<br/>Solubility and Equilibrium 177<br/>Solubility of Gases: Henry's Law 177<br/>7.4 Concentration of Solutions: Percentage 178<br/>Weight/Volume Percent 178<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Scuba Diving: Nitrogen and the Bends 179<br/>Weight/Weight Percent 180<br/>7.5 Concentration of Solutions: Moles and Equivalents 181<br/>Molarity 181<br/>Dilution 183<br/>Representation of Concentration of Ions in Solution 185<br/>7.6 Concentration-Dependent Solution Properties 185<br/>Vapor Pressure Lowering 186<br/>Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation 186<br/>Osmotic Pressure 187<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Oral Rehydration Therapy 191<br/>7.7 Water as a Solvent 192<br/>7.8 Electrolytes in Body Fluids 193<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: An Extraordinary Molecule 194<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Hemodialysis 195<br/>Summary 196<br/>Key Terms 198<br/>Questions and Problems 198<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 199<br/>8 Chemical and Physical Change: Energy, Rate, and Equilibrium 201<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: The Cost of Energy? More Than You Imagine 202<br/>8.1 Thermodynamics 202<br/>The Chemical Reaction and Energy 203<br/>Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions 203<br/>Enthalpy 204<br/>Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions 205<br/>Entropy 205<br/>Free Energy 206<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Triboluminescence: Sparks in the Dark with Candy 207<br/>8.2 Experimental Determination of Energy Change in Reactions 208<br/>8.3 Kinetics 211<br/>The Chemical Reaction 212<br/>Activation Energy and the Activated Complex 212<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Hot and Cold Packs 214<br/>Factors That Affect Reaction Rate 214<br/>Mathematical Representation of Reaction Rate 216<br/>8.4 Equilibrium 219<br/>Rate and Reversibility of Reactions 219<br/>Physical Equilibrium 219<br/>Chemical Equilibrium 221<br/>The Generalized Equilibrium-Constant Expression for a Chemical Reaction 222<br/>LeChatelier's Principle 226<br/>Summary 229<br/>Key Terms 230<br/>Questions and Problems 230<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 231<br/>9 Charge-Transfer Reactions: Acids and Bases and Oxidation-Reduction 233<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Drug Delivery 234<br/>9.1 Acids and Bases 235<br/>Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases 235<br/>Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases 235<br/>Conjugate Acids and Bases 236<br/>Acid-Base Properties of Water 237<br/>Acid and Base Strength 237<br/>The Dissociation of Water 239<br/>9.2 pH: A Measurement Scale for Acids and Bases 240<br/>A Definition of pH 240<br/>Measuring pH 241<br/>Calculating pH 241<br/>The Importance of pH and pH Control 245<br/>9.3 Reactions between Acids and Bases 245<br/>Neutralization 245<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Acid Rain 248<br/>Polyprotic Substances 249<br/>9.4 Acid-Base Buffers 250<br/>The Buffer Process 250<br/>Addition of Base (OH_) to a Buffer Solution 251<br/>Addition of Acid (H3O_) to a Buffer Solution 251<br/>Preparation of a Buffer Solution 252<br/>The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation 254<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Control of Blood pH 255<br/>9.5 Oxidation-Reduction Processes 255<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Oxidizing Agents for Chemical Control of Microbes 256<br/>Oxidation and Reduction 256<br/>Applications of Oxidation and Reduction 257<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Electrochemical Reactions in the Statue of Liberty<br/>and in Dental Fillings 258<br/>Biological Processes 259<br/>Voltaic Cells 259<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Turning the Human Body into a Battery 261<br/>Electrolysis 262<br/>Summary 263<br/>Key Terms 263<br/>Questions and Problems 264<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 265<br/>10 The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine 267<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: An Extraordinary Woman in Science 268<br/>10.1 Natural Radioactivity 269<br/>Alpha Particles 270<br/>Beta Particles 270<br/>Gamma Rays 270<br/>Properties of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation 270<br/>10.2 Writing a Balanced Nuclear Equation 271<br/>Alpha Decay 271<br/>Beta Decay 271<br/>Gamma Production 272<br/>Predicting Products of Nuclear Decay 272<br/>10.3 Properties of Radioisotopes 273<br/>Nuclear Structure and Stability 273<br/>Half-Life 274<br/>10.4 Nuclear Power 275<br/>Energy Production 275<br/>Nuclear Fission 276<br/>Nuclear Fusion 276<br/>Breeder Reactors 278<br/>10.5 Radiocarbon Dating 278<br/>10.6 Medical Applications of Radioactivity 278<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Nuclear Waste Disposal 279<br/>Cancer Therapy Using Radiation 280<br/>Nuclear Medicine 280<br/>Making Isotopes for Medical Applications 282<br/>10.7 Biological Effects of Radiation 283<br/>Radiation Exposure and Safety 283<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Magnetic Resonance Imaging 284<br/>10.8 Measurement of Radiation 286<br/>Nuclear Imaging 286<br/>Computer Imaging 286<br/>The Geiger Counter 287<br/>Film Badges 287<br/>Units of Radiation Measurement 287<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Radon and Indoor Air Pollution 288<br/>Summary 289<br/>Key Terms 290<br/>Questions and Problems 290<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 291<br/>Organic Chemistry<br/>11 An Introduction to Organic Chemistry: The Saturated Hydrocarbons 293<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: The Origin of Organic Compounds 294<br/>11.1 The Chemistry of Carbon 295<br/>Important Differences between Organic and Inorganic Compounds 296<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Frozen Methane: Treasure or Threat? 297<br/>Families of Organic Compounds 298<br/>11.2 Alkanes 300<br/>Structure and Physical Properties 300<br/>Alkyl Groups 303<br/>Nomenclature 303<br/>Constitutional or Structural Isomers 307<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Oil-Eating Bacteria 309<br/>11.3 Cycloalkanes 309<br/>cis-trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes 311<br/>11.4 Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 313<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: The Petroleum Industry and Gasoline Production 314<br/>11.5 Reactions of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 315<br/>Combustion 315<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Polyhalogenated Hydrocarbons Used as Anesthetics 316<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Chloroform in Your Swimming Pool? 317<br/>Halogenation 317<br/>Summary of Reactions 319<br/>Summary 319<br/>Key Terms 320<br/>Questions and Problems 320<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 323<br/>12 The Unsaturated<br/>Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics 325<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: A Cautionary Tale: DDT and Biological Magnification 326<br/>12.1 Alkenes and Alkynes: Structure and Physical Properties 327<br/>12.2 Alkenes and Alkynes: Nomenclature 328<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Killer Alkynes in Nature 330<br/>12.3 Geometric Isomers: A Consequence of Unsaturation 333<br/>12.4 Alkenes in Nature 336<br/>12.5 Reactions Involving Alkenes 337<br/>Hydrogenation: Addition of H2 to an Alkene 339<br/>Halogenation: Addition of X2 to an Alkene 340<br/>Hydration: Addition of H2O to an Alkene 342<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Folklore, Science, and Technology 343<br/>Hydrohalogenation: Addition of HX to an Alkene 345<br/>Addition Polymers of Alkenes 346<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Life without Polymers? 347<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Plastic Recycling 348<br/>12.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 350<br/>Structure and Properties 351<br/>Nomenclature 352<br/>Reactions Involving Benzene 354<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Aromatic Compounds and Carcinogenesis 355<br/>12.7 Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds 356<br/>Summary of Reactions 357<br/>Summary 358<br/>Key Terms 359<br/>Questions and Problems 359<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 362<br/>13 Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers 363<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Polyols for the Sweet Tooth 364<br/>13.1 Alcohols: Structure and Physical Properties 366<br/>13.2 Alcohols: Nomenclature 367<br/>I.U.P.A.C. Names 367<br/>Common Names 368<br/>13.3 Medically Important Alcohols 369<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 370<br/>13.4 Classification of Alcohols 370<br/>13.5 Reactions Involving Alcohols 372<br/>Preparation of Alcohols 372<br/>Dehydration of Alcohols 374<br/>Oxidation Reactions 377<br/>13.6 Oxidation and Reduction in Living Systems 379<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Alcohol Consumption and the Breathalyzer Test 380<br/>13.7 Phenols 381<br/>13.8 Ethers 382<br/>13.9 Thiols 384<br/>Summary of Reactions 386<br/>Summary 387<br/>Key Terms 388<br/>Questions and Problems 388<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 391<br/>14 Aldehydes and Ketones 393<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Genetic Complexity from Simple Molecules 394<br/>14.1 Structure and Physical Properties 395<br/>14.2 I.U.P.A.C. Nomenclature and Common Names 396<br/>Naming Aldehydes 396<br/>Naming Ketones 399<br/>14.3 Important Aldehydes and Ketones 401<br/>14.4 Reactions Involving Aldehydes and Ketones 403<br/>Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones 403<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Medical Applications of Aldehydes 403<br/>Oxidation Reactions 404<br/>Reduction Reactions 407<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: That Golden Tan Without the Fear of Skin Cancer 408<br/>Addition Reactions 410<br/>Keto-Enol Tautomers 412<br/>Aldol Condensation 413<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: The Chemistry of Vision 415<br/>Summary of Reactions 416<br/>Summary 417<br/>Key Terms 417<br/>Questions and Problems 417<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 420<br/>15 Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 421<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Wake Up, Sleeping Gene 422<br/>15.1 Carboxylic Acids 423<br/>Structure and Physical Properties 423<br/>Nomenclature 424<br/>Some Important Carboxylic Acids 429<br/>Reactions Involving Carboxylic Acids 429<br/>AN ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: Garbage Bags from Potato Peels 430<br/>15.2 Esters 433<br/>Structure and Physical Properties 433<br/>Nomenclature 433<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: The Chemistry of Flavor and Fragrance 434<br/>Reactions Involving Esters 435<br/>15.3 Acid Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides 441<br/>Acid Chlorides 441<br/>Acid Anhydrides 444<br/>15.4 Nature's High-Energy Compounds: Phosphoesters and Thioesters 447<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Special Interest 449<br/>Summary of Reactions 450<br/>Summary 451<br/>Key Terms 451<br/>Questions and Problems 451<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 454<br/>16 Amines and Amides 457<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: The Nicotine Patch 458<br/>16.1 Amines 459<br/>Structure and Physical Properties 459<br/>Nomenclature 463<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Medically Important Amines 465<br/>Reactions Involving Amines 466<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Secondary Amines and Cancer 469<br/>Quaternary Ammonium Salts 470<br/>16.2 Heterocyclic Amines 470<br/>16.3 Amides 472<br/>Structure and Physical Properties 473<br/>Nomenclature 473<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Semisynthetic Penicillins 474<br/>Reactions Involving Amides 475<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Medically Important Amides 475<br/>16.4 A Preview of Amino Acids, Proteins, and Protein Synthesis 478<br/>16.5 Neurotransmitters 478<br/>Catecholamines 479<br/>Serotonin 479<br/>Histamine 480<br/>Aminobutyric Acid and Glycine 481<br/>Acetylcholine 481<br/>Nitric Oxide and Glutamate 482<br/>Summary of Reactions 483<br/>Summary 484<br/>Key Terms 484<br/>Questions and Problems 484<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 487<br/>Biochemistry<br/>17 Carbohydrates 489<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Chemistry Through the Looking Glass 490<br/>17.1 Types of Carbohydrates 491<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Tooth Decay and Simple Sugars 493<br/>17.2 Monosaccharides 494<br/>17.3 Stereoisomers and Stereochemistry 495<br/>Stereoisomers 495<br/>Rotation of Plane-Polarized Light 496<br/>The Relationship between Molecular Structure and Optical Activity 497<br/>Fischer Projection Formulas 498<br/>The D- and L-System of Nomenclature 498<br/>17.4 Biologically Important Monosaccharides 500<br/>Glucose 500<br/>Fructose 504<br/>Galactose 505<br/>Ribose and Deoxyribose, Five-Carbon Sugars 505<br/>Reducing Sugars 506<br/>17.5 Biologically Important Disaccharides 508<br/>Maltose 508<br/>Lactose 509<br/>Sucrose 511<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Blood Transfusions and the Blood Group Antigens 510<br/>17.6 Polysaccharides 512<br/>Starch 512<br/>Glycogen 512<br/>Cellulose 514<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: The Bacterial Cell Wall 514<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Monosaccharide Derivatives and Heteropolysaccharides of <br/>Medical Interest 516<br/>Summary 518<br/>Key Terms 518<br/>Questions and Problems 519<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 520<br/>18 Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems 521<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Lifesaving Lipids 522<br/>18.1 Biological Functions of Lipids 522<br/>18.2 Fatty Acids 524<br/>Structure and Properties 524<br/>Chemical Reactions of Fatty Acids 527<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Mummies Made of Soap 528<br/>Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Thromboxanes 530<br/>18.3 Glycerides 531<br/>Neutral Glycerides 531<br/>Phosphoglycerides 533<br/>18.4 Nonglyceride Lipids 535<br/>Sphingolipids 535<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolism 537<br/>Steroids 538<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Anabolic Steroids and Athletics 539<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Steroids and the Treatment of Heart Disease 541<br/>Waxes 542<br/>18.5 Complex Lipids 542<br/>18.6 The Structure of Biological Membranes 546<br/>Fluid Mosaic Structure of Biological Membranes 547<br/>Membrane Transport 549<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Liposome Delivery Systems 550<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Antibiotics That Destroy Membrane Integrity 552<br/>Energy Requirements for Transport 555<br/>Summary 556<br/>Key Terms 557<br/>Questions and Problems 557<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 558<br/>19 Protein Structure and Function 559<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Proteins That Inhibit Tumor <br/>Growth 560<br/>19.1 Cellular Functions of Proteins 561<br/>19.2 The _-Amino Acids 561<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Proteins in the Blood 562<br/>19.3 The Peptide Bond 565<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: The Opium Poppy and Peptides in the Brain 568<br/>19.4 The Primary Structure of Proteins 570<br/>19.5 The Secondary Structure of Proteins 570<br/>Helix 571<br/>Pleated Sheet 572<br/>19.6 The Tertiary Structure of Proteins 574<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Collagen: A Protein That Holds Us Together 575<br/>19.7 The Quaternary Structure of Proteins 577<br/>19.8 An Overview of Protein Structure and Function 577<br/>19.9 Myoglobin and Hemoglobin 579<br/>Myoglobin and Oxygen Storage 579<br/>Hemoglobin and Oxygen Transport 579<br/>Oxygen Transport from Mother to Fetus 581<br/>Sickle Cell Anemia 581<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Immunoglobulins: Proteins That Defend the Body 582<br/>19.10 Denaturation of Proteins 584<br/>19.11 Dietary Protein and Protein Digestion 587<br/>Summary 588<br/>Key Terms 589<br/>Questions and Problems 589<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 591<br/>20 Enzymes 593<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Super Hot Enzymes and the Origin of Life 594<br/>20.1 Nomenclature and Classification 595<br/>Classification of Enzymes 595<br/>Nomenclature of Enzymes 599<br/>20.2 The Effect of Enzymes on the Activation Energy of a Reaction 600<br/>20.3 The Effect of Substrate Concentration on Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions 600<br/>20.4 The Enzyme-Substrate Complex 601<br/>20.5 Specificity of the Enzyme-Substrate Complex 602<br/>20.6 The Transition State and Product Formation 603<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: HIV Protease Inhibitors and Pharmaceutical Drug Design <br/>604<br/>20.7 Cofactors and Coenzymes 606<br/>20.8 Environmental Effects 608<br/>Effect of pH 608<br/>Effect of Temperature 610<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: 1-Antitrypsin and Familial Emphysema 611<br/>20.9 Regulation of Enzyme Activity 612<br/>Allosteric Enzymes 612<br/>Feedback Inhibition 613<br/>Zymogens 614<br/>Protein Modification 614<br/>20.10 Inhibition of Enzyme Activity 615<br/>Irreversible Inhibitors 615<br/>Reversible, Competitive Inhibitors 615<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Enzymes, Nerve Transmission, and Nerve Agents 616<br/>Reversible, Noncompetitive Inhibitors 618<br/>20.11 Proteolytic Enzymes 618<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Enzymes, Isoenzymes, and Myocardial Infarction 620<br/>20.12 Uses of Enzymes in Medicine 622<br/>Summary 624<br/>Key Terms 625<br/>Questions and Problems 625<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 626<br/>21 Carbohydrate Metabolism 629<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: The Man Who Got Tipsy from Eating Pasta 630<br/>21.1 ATP: The Cellular Energy Currency 631<br/>21.2 Overview of Catabolic Processes 634<br/>Stage I: Hydrolysis of Dietary Macromolecules into Small Subunits 635<br/>Stage II: Conversion of Monomers into a Form That Can Be Completely Oxidized 636<br/>Stage III: The Complete Oxidation of Nutrients and the Production of ATP 637<br/>21.3 Glycolysis 637<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Genetic Disorders of Glycolysis 638<br/>An Overview 637<br/>Reactions of Glycolysis 640<br/>Regulation of Glycolysis 645<br/>21.4 Fermentations 646<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Fermentations: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 648<br/>Lactate Fermentation 646<br/>Alcohol Fermentation 647<br/>21.5 The Pentose Phosphate Pathway 649<br/>21.6 Gluconeogenesis: The Synthesis of Glucose 650<br/>21.7 Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation 652<br/>The Structure of Glycogen 653<br/>Glycogenolysis: Glycogen Degradation 653<br/>Glycogenesis: Glycogen Synthesis 655<br/>Compatibility of Glycogenesis and<br/>Glycogenolysis 658<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Diagnosing Diabetes 659<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Glycogen Storage Diseases 660<br/>Summary 661<br/>Key Terms 661<br/>Questions and Problems 661<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 663<br/>22 Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production 665<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Mitochondria from Mom 666<br/>22.1 The Mitochondria 667<br/>Structure and Function 667<br/>Origin of the Mitochondria 667<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Exercise and Energy Metabolism 668<br/>22.2 Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA 668<br/>22.3 An Overview of Aerobic Respiration 671<br/>22.4 The Citric Acid Cycle (The Krebs Cycle) 672<br/>Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle 672<br/>22.5 Control of the Citric Acid Cycle 675<br/>22.6 Oxidative Phosphorylation 676<br/>Electron Transport Systems and the Hydrogen Ion Gradient 676<br/>ATP Synthase and the Production of ATP 677<br/>Summary of the Energy Yield 680<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Brown Fat: The Fat That Makes You Thin? 678<br/>22.7 The Degradation of Amino Acids 681<br/>Removal of -Amino Groups: Transamination 681<br/>Removal of -Amino Groups: Oxidative Deamination 683<br/>The Fate of Amino Acid Carbon Skeletons 683<br/>22.8 The Urea Cycle 685<br/>Reactions of the Urea Cycle 685<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency 688<br/>22.9 Overview of Anabolism: The Citric Acid Cycle as a Source of Biosynthetic <br/>Intermediates 689<br/>Summary 691<br/>Key Terms 691<br/>Questions and Problems 692<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 693<br/>23 Fatty Acid<br/>Metabolism 695<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Obesity: A Genetic Disorder? 696<br/>23.1 Lipid Metabolism in Animals 697<br/>Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Triglycerides 697<br/>Lipid Storage 698<br/>23.2 Fatty Acid Degradation 700<br/>An Overview of Fatty Acid Degradation 700<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: Losing Those Unwanted Pounds of Adipose Tissue 702<br/>The Reactions of Oxidation 704<br/>23.3 Ketone Bodies 707<br/>Ketosis 707<br/>Ketogenesis 708<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Diabetes Mellitus and Ketone Bodies 710<br/>23.4 Fatty Acid Synthesis 712<br/>A Comparison of Fatty Acid Synthesis and Degradation 712<br/>23.5 The Regulation of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism 714<br/>The Liver 714<br/>Adipose Tissue 715<br/>Muscle Tissue 715<br/>The Brain 716<br/>23.6 The Effects of Insulin and Glucagon on Cellular Metabolism 716<br/>Summary 718<br/>Key Terms 718<br/>Questions and Problems 718<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 719<br/>24 Introduction to Molecular Genetics 721<br/>CHEMISTRY CONNECTION: Molecular Genetics and Detection of Human Genetic Disease <br/>722<br/>24.1 The Structure of the Nucleotide 723<br/>Chemical Composition of DNA and RNA 723<br/>Nucleotide Structure 723<br/>24.2 The Structure of DNA and RNA 726<br/>DNAStructure: The Double Helix 726<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: Fooling the AIDS Virus with "Look-Alike" Nucleotides 728<br/>Chromosomes 729<br/>RNA Structure 732<br/>24.3 DNA Replication 732<br/>24.4 Information Flow in Biological Systems 734<br/>Classes of RNA Molecules 734<br/>Transcription 734<br/>Post-transcriptional Processing of RNA 736<br/>24.5 The Genetic Code 738<br/>24.6 Protein Synthesis 741<br/>The Role of Transfer RNA 741<br/>The Process of Translation 742<br/>24.7 Mutation, Ultraviolet Light, and DNA Repair 743<br/>The Nature of Mutations 743<br/>The Results of Mutations 745<br/>Mutagens and Carcinogens 747<br/>Ultraviolet Light Damage and DNA Repair 747<br/>A CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: The Ames Test for Carcinogens 746<br/>Consequences of Defects in DNA Repair 748<br/>24.8 Recombinant DNA 748<br/>Tools Used in the Study of DNA 748<br/>Genetic Engineering 750<br/>A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE: DNA Fingerprinting 751<br/>24.9 Polymerase Chain Reaction 754<br/>A MEDICAL PERSPECTIVE: A Genetic Approach to Familial Emphysema 754<br/>24.10 The Human Genome Project 755<br/>Genetic Strategies for Genome Analysis 756<br/>DNASequencing 756<br/>Summary 757<br/>Key Terms 758<br/>Questions and Problems 759<br/>Critical Thinking Problems 760<br/>Appendix A: A Review of Mathematics Applied to Problem Solving in Chemistry 761<br/>Appendix B: Table of Formula Weights 772<br/>Appendix C: Determination of Composition and Formulas of Compounds 773<br/>Appendix D: Stereochemistry and Stereoisomers Revisited 777<br/>Appendix E: Lipid-Soluble Vitamins 783<br/>Appendix F: Water-Soluble Vitamins 788<br/>Appendix G: Energy Yields from Aerobic Respiration: Some Alternatives 795<br/>Appendix H: Minerals and Cellular Function 797<br/>Glossary 801<br/>Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 817<br/>Credits 853<br/>Index 855<br/>Chemistry Connections and Perspectives Chemistry Connection Chance Favors the <br/>Prepared Mind 2<br/>Curiosity, Science, and Medicine 34<br/>Managing Mountains of Information 54<br/>Magnets and Migration 78<br/>The Chemistry of Automobile Air Bags 116<br/>The Demise of the Hindenburg 144<br/>Seeing a Thought 170<br/>The Cost of Energy? More Than You Imagine 202<br/>Drug Delivery 234<br/>An Extraordinary Woman in Science 268<br/>The Origin of Organic Compounds 294<br/>A Cautionary Tale: DDT and Biological Magnification 326<br/>Polyols for the Sweet Tooth 364<br/>Genetic Complexity from Simple Molecules 394<br/>Wake Up, Sleeping Gene 422<br/>The Nicotine Patch 458<br/>Chemistry Through the Looking Glass 490<br/>Lifesaving Lipids 522<br/>Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Proteins That Inhibit Tumor Growth 560<br/>Super Hot Enzymes and the Origin of Life 594<br/>The Man Who Got Tipsy from Eating Pasta 630<br/>Mitochondria from Mom 666<br/>Obesity: A Genetic Disorder? 696<br/>Molecular Genetics and Detection of Human Genetic Disease 722<br/>A Human Perspective The Scientific Method 4<br/>Food Calories 25<br/>Atomic Spectra and the Fourth of July 47<br/>Origin of the Elements 91<br/>Scuba Diving: Nitrogen and the Bends 179<br/>An Extraordinary Molecule 194<br/>Triboluminescence: Sparks in the Dark with Candy 207<br/>Folklore, Science, and Technology 343<br/>Life without Polymers? 347<br/>Aromatic Compounds and Carcinogenesis 355<br/>Alcohol Consumption and the Breathalyzer Test 380<br/>The Chemistry of Vision 415<br/>The Chemistry of Flavor and Fragrance 434<br/>Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Special Interest 449<br/>Tooth Decay and Simple Sugars 493<br/>Blood Transfusions and the Blood Group Antigens 510<br/>Mummies Made of Soap 528<br/>Anabolic Steroids and Athletics 539<br/>The Opium Poppy and Peptides in the Brain 568<br/>Collagen: A Protein That Holds Us Together 575<br/>Fermentations: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 648<br/>Glycogen Storage Diseases 660<br/>Exercise and Energy Metabolism 668<br/>Brown Fat: The Fat That Makes You Thin? 678<br/>Losing Those Unwanted Pounds of Adipose Tissue 702<br/>DNAFingerprinting 751<br/>A Clinical Perspective Diagnosis Based on Waste 29<br/>Dietary Calcium 69<br/>Blood Pressure and the Sodium Ion/Potassium Ion Ratio 93<br/>Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Case of Combining Ratios 130<br/>Autoclaves and the Gas Laws 151<br/>Blood Gases and Respiration 160<br/>Oral Rehydration Therapy 191<br/>Hemodialysis 195<br/>Hot and Cold Packs 214<br/>Control of Blood pH 255<br/>Oxidizing Agents for Chemical Control of Microbes 256<br/>Electrochemical Reactions in the Statue of Liberty and in Dental Fillings 258<br/>Magnetic Resonance Imaging 284<br/>Medical Applications of Aldehydes 403<br/>Medically Important Amines 465<br/>Medically Important Amides 475<br/>The Bacterial Cell Wall 514<br/>Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolism 537<br/>Steroids and the Treatment of Heart Disease 541<br/>Liposome Delivery Systems 550<br/>Antibiotics That Destroy Membrane Integrity 552<br/>Proteins in the Blood 562<br/>Enzymes, Nerve Transmission, and Nerve Agents 616<br/>Enzymes, Isoenzymes, and Myocardial Infarction 620<br/>Diagnosing Diabetes 659<br/>Diabetes Mellitus and Ketone Bodies 710<br/>Fooling the AIDS Virus with "Look-Alike" Nucleotides 728<br/>The Ames Test for Carcinogens 746<br/>A Medical Perspective Copper Deficiency and Wilson's Disease 58<br/>Pharmaceutical Chemistry: The Practical Significance of Percent Yield 138<br/>Turning the Human Body into a Battery 261<br/>Polyhalogenated Hydrocarbons Used as Anesthetics 316<br/>Chloroform in Your Swimming Pool? 317<br/>Killer Alkynes in Nature 330<br/>Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 370<br/>That Golden Tan Without the Fear of Skin Cancer 408<br/>Secondary Amines and Cancer 469<br/>Semisynthetic Penicillins 474<br/>Monosaccharide Derivatives and<br/>Heteropolysaccharides of Medical Interest 516<br/>Immunoglobulins: Proteins That Defend the Body 582<br/>HIV Protease Inhibitors and Pharmaceutical Drug Design 604<br/>1-Antitrypsin and Familial Emphysema 611<br/>Genetic Disorders of Glycolysis 638<br/>Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency 688<br/>A Genetic Approach to Familial Emphysema 754<br/>An Environmental Perspective Electromagnetic Radiation and Its Effects on Our <br/>Everyday Lives 48<br/>The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 157<br/>Acid Rain 248<br/>Nuclear Waste Disposal 279<br/>Radon and Indoor Air Pollution 288<br/>Frozen Methane: Treasure or Threat? 297<br/>Oil-Eating Bacteria 309<br/>The Petroleum Industry and Gasoline Production 314<br/>Plastic Recycling 348<br/>Garbage Bags from Potato Peels 430 |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
Chemistry, Organic |
| Form subdivision |
Textbooks. |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
Biochemistry |
| Form subdivision |
Textbooks. |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Topping, Joseph J. |
| 9 (RLIN) |
7319 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Caret, Robert L., |
| Dates associated with a name |
1947- |
| 9 (RLIN) |
7320 |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Materials specified |
Table of contents |
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0515/2005018776.html">http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0515/2005018776.html</a> |
| 906 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT F, LDF (RLIN) |
|---|
| a |
7 |
| b |
cbc |
| c |
orignew |
| d |
1 |
| e |
ecip |
| f |
20 |
| g |
y-gencatlg |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Koha item type |
Books |