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16313cam a22003254i 4500 |
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14761554 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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EG-NcFUE |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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20230827140425.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
070307s2007 enka b 001 0 eng |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
9788126518333 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Original cataloging agency |
DLC |
| Transcribing agency |
DLC |
| Modifying agency |
BAKER |
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BTCTA |
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YDXCP |
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C#P |
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XVF |
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UKM |
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DLC |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| 082 00 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
621.3824 |
| Edition number |
22 |
| Item number |
S.S.A |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Saunders, Simon R. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Antennas and propagation for wireless communication systems / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc |
Simon R. Saunders, Alejandro Aragón-Zavala. |
| 250 ## - EDITION STATEMENT |
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| Edition statement |
2nd edition |
| 264 #1 - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc |
New Delhi : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc |
J. Wiley & Sons, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc |
[2007] |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xxii, 524 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| Dimensions |
25 cm |
| 336 ## - CONTENT TYPE |
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text |
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rdacontent |
| 337 ## - MEDIA TYPE |
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unmediated |
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rdamedia |
| 338 ## - CARRIER TYPE |
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volume |
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rdacarrier |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
engineering bookfair2015 |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| 505 8# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
Preface to the Second Edition xix<br/>Preface to the First Edition<br/>1. Introduction: The Wireless Communication Channel 1<br/>1.1 INTRODUCTION 1<br/>1.2 CONCEPT OF A WIRELESS CHANNEL 2<br/>1.3 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 4<br/>1.4 HISTORY 5<br/>1.5 SYSTEM TYPES 7<br/>1.6 AIMS OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS 8<br/>1.7 CELLULAR NETWORKS 9<br/>1.8 THE CELLULAR CONCEPT 9<br/>1.9 TRAFFIC 13<br/>1.10 MULTIPLE ACCESS SCHEMES AND DUPLEXING 17<br/>1.10.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access 17<br/>1.10.2 Time Division Multiple Access 18<br/>1.10.3 Code Division Multiple Access 18<br/>1.11 AVAILABLE DATA RATES 19<br/>1.12 STRUCTURE OF THIS BOOK 20<br/>1.13 CONCLUSION 22<br/>REFERENCES 22<br/>PROBLEMS 23<br/>2. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 25<br/>2.1 INTRODUCTION 25<br/>2.2 MAXWELL?S EQUATIONS 25<br/>2.3 PLANE WAVE PROPERTIES 26<br/>2.3.1 FIELD RELATIONSHIPS 27<br/>2.3.2 WAVE IMPEDANCE 27<br/>Q1<br/>2.3.3 Poynting Vector 28<br/>2.3.4 Phase Velocity 28<br/>2.3.5 Lossy Media 28<br/>2.4 POLARISATION 32<br/>2.4.1 Polarisation States 32<br/>2.4.2 Mathematical Representation of Polarisation 32<br/>2.4.3 Random Polarisation 33<br/>2.5 CONCLUSION 34<br/>REFERENCES 34<br/>PROBLEMS 34<br/>3. Propagation Mechanisms 37<br/>3.1 INTRODUCTION 37<br/>3.2 REFLECTION, REFRACTION AND TRANSMISSION 37<br/>3.2.1 Lossless Media 37<br/>3.2.2 Lossy Media 41<br/>3.2.3 Typical Reflection and Transmission Coefficients 42<br/>3.3 ROUGH SURFACE SCATTERING 45<br/>3.4 GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 47<br/>3.4.1 Principles 47<br/>3.4.2 Formulation 49<br/>3.5 DIFFRACTION 50<br/>3.5.1 Principle 50<br/>3.5.2 Single Knife-Edge Diffraction 51<br/>3.5.3 Other Diffracting Obstacles: Geometrical Theory of Diffraction 54<br/>3.6 CONCLUSION 59<br/>REFERENCES 59<br/>PROBLEMS 59<br/>4. Antenna Fundamentals 61<br/>4.1 INTRODUCTION 61<br/>4.2 PRINCIPLES 61<br/>4.2.1 What is an Antenna? 61<br/>4.2.2 Necessary Conditions for Radiation 62<br/>4.2.3 Near-Field and Far-Field Regions 62<br/>4.2.4 Far-Field Radiation from Wires 63<br/>4.3 ANTENNA PARAMETERS 65<br/>4.3.1 Radiation Pattern 65<br/>4.3.2 Directivity 67<br/>4.3.3 Radiation Resistance and Efficiency 67<br/>4.3.4 Power Gain 68<br/>4.3.5 Bandwidth 70<br/>4.3.6 Reciprocity 70<br/>4.3.7 Receiving Antenna Aperture 71<br/>4.3.8 Beamwidth and Directivity 71<br/>4.3.9 The Friis Formula: Antennas in Free Space 71<br/>4.3.10 Polarisation Matching 72<br/>viii Contents<br/>4.4 PRACTICAL DIPOLES 73<br/>4.4.1 Dipole Structure 73<br/>4.4.2 Current Distribution 74<br/>4.4.3 Radiation Pattern 74<br/>4.4.4 Input Impedance 77<br/>4.5 ANTENNA ARRAYS 77<br/>4.5.1 Introduction 77<br/>4.5.2 Linear and Planar Arrays 77<br/>4.5.3 The Uniform Linear Array 77<br/>4.5.4 Parasitic Elements: Uda?Yagi Antennas 78<br/>4.5.5 Reflector Antennas 79<br/>4.5.6 Monopole Antennas 80<br/>4.5.7 Corner Reflectors 80<br/>4.5.8 Parabolic Reflector Antennas 81<br/>4.6 HORN ANTENNAS 82<br/>4.7 LOOP ANTENNAS 83<br/>4.8 HELICAL ANTENNAS 83<br/>4.9 PATCH ANTENNAS 84<br/>4.10 CONCLUSION 85<br/>REFERENCES 85<br/>PROBLEMS 86<br/>5. Basic Propagation Models 89<br/>5.1 INTRODUCTION 89<br/>5.2 DEFINITION OF PATH LOSS 89<br/>5.3 A BRIEF NOTE ON DECIBELS 92<br/>5.4 NOISE MODELLING 93<br/>5.5 FREE SPACE LOSS 97<br/>5.6 PLANE EARTH LOSS 98<br/>5.7 LINK BUDGETS 101<br/>5.8 CONCLUSION 103<br/>REFERENCE 103<br/>PROBLEMS 103<br/>6. Terrestrial Fixed Links 105<br/>6.1 INTRODUCTION 105<br/>6.2 PATH PROFILES 105<br/>6.3 TROPOSPHERIC REFRACTION 108<br/>6.3.1 Fundamentals 108<br/>6.3.2 Time Variability 111<br/>6.3.3 Ducting and Multipath 111<br/>6.4 OBSTRUCTION LOSS 113<br/>6.5 APPROXIMATE MULTIPLE KNIFE-EDGE<br/>DIFFRACTION 115<br/>6.5.1 The Deygout Method 115<br/>6.5.2 The Causebrook Correction 116<br/>6.5.3 The Giovanelli Method 117<br/>Contents ix<br/>6.5.4 Test Cases 117<br/>6.6 THE MULTIPLE-EDGE DIFFRACTION INTEGRAL 121<br/>6.6.1 Slope-UTD Multiple-Edge Diffraction Model 122<br/>6.6.2 Test Case: Comparison of Multiple Models 126<br/>6.7 DIFFRACTION OVER OBJECTS OF FINITE SIZE 127<br/>6.8 OTHER METHODS FOR PREDICTING TERRAIN DIFFRACTION 129<br/>6.8.1 The Integral Equation Model 129<br/>6.8.2 The Parabolic Equation Method 131<br/>6.9 INFLUENCE OF CLUTTER 134<br/>6.10 CONCLUSION 135<br/>REFERENCES 135<br/>PROBLEMS 137<br/>7. Satellite Fixed Links 139<br/>7.1 INTRODUCTION 139<br/>7.2 TROPOSPHERIC EFFECTS 140<br/>7.2.1 Attenuation 140<br/>7.2.2 Rain Attenuation 141<br/>7.2.3 Gaseous Absorption 146<br/>7.2.4 Tropospheric Refraction 148<br/>7.2.5 Tropospheric Scintillation 148<br/>7.2.6 Depolarisation 151<br/>7.2.7 Sky Noise 153<br/>7.3 IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS 155<br/>7.3.1 Faraday Rotation 158<br/>7.3.2 Group Delay 159<br/>7.3.3 Dispersion 159<br/>7.3.4 Ionospheric Scintillation 160<br/>7.3.5 Summary of Ionospheric Effects 160<br/>7.4 SATELLITE EARTH STATION ANTENNAS 160<br/>7.5 CONCLUSION 161<br/>REFERENCES 161<br/>PROBLEMS 162<br/>8. Macrocells 163<br/>8.1 INTRODUCTION 163<br/>8.2 DEFINITION OF PARAMETERS 163<br/>8.3 EMPIRICAL PATH LOSS MODELS 164<br/>8.3.1 Clutter Factor Models 165<br/>8.3.2 The Okumura?Hata Model 167<br/>8.3.3 The Cost 231?Hata Model 169<br/>8.3.4 The Lee Model 169<br/>8.3.5 The Ibrahim and Parsons Model 170<br/>8.3.6 Environment Categories 171<br/>8.4 PHYSICAL MODELS 172<br/>8.4.1 The Allsebrook and Parsons Model 172<br/>x Contents<br/>8.4.2 The Ikegami Model 173<br/>8.4.3 Rooftop Diffraction 174<br/>8.4.4 The Flat Edge Model 175<br/>8.4.5 The Walfisch?Bertoni Model 178<br/>8.4.6 Cost 231/Walfisch?Ikegami Model 180<br/>8.5 ITU-R MODELS 181<br/>8.5.1 ITU-R Recommendation P.1411 181<br/>8.5.2 ITU-R Recommendation P.1546 182<br/>8.6 COMPARISON OF MODELS 182<br/>8.7 COMPUTERISED PLANNING TOOLS 183<br/>8.8 CONCLUSION 183<br/>REFERENCES 183<br/>PROBLEMS 185<br/>9. Shadowing 187<br/>9.1 INTRODUCTION 187<br/>9.2 STATISTICAL CHARACTERISATION 187<br/>9.3 PHYSICAL BASIS FOR SHADOWING 189<br/>9.4 IMPACT ON COVERAGE 189<br/>9.4.1 Edge of Cell 189<br/>9.4.2 Whole Cell 192<br/>9.5 LOCATION VARIABILITY 195<br/>9.6 CORRELATED SHADOWING 196<br/>9.6.1 Serial Correlation 197<br/>9.6.2 Site-to-Site Correlation 199<br/>9.7 CONCLUSION 205<br/>REFERENCES 205<br/>PROBLEMS 206<br/>10. Narrowband Fast Fading 209<br/>10.1 INTRODUCTION 209<br/>10.2 BASEBAND CHANNEL REPRESENTATION 209<br/>10.3 THE AWGN CHANNEL 210<br/>10.4 THE NARROWBAND FADING CHANNEL 213<br/>10.5 WHEN DOES FADING OCCUR IN PRACTICE? 214<br/>10.6 THE RAYLEIGH DISTRIBUTION 215<br/>10.7 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SNR FOR A RAYLEIGH CHANNEL 218<br/>10.8 THE RICE DISTRIBUTION 221<br/>10.9 THE NAKAGAMI- m DISTRIBUTION 226<br/>10.10 OTHER FADING DISTRIBUTIONS 227<br/>10.11 SECOND-ORDER FAST-FADING STATISTICS 227<br/>10.11.1 The Doppler Effect 228<br/>10.11.2 The Classical Doppler Spectrum 230<br/>10.12 AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION 236<br/>10.13 NARROWBAND MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL SIMULATIONS 238<br/>10.14 CONCLUSION 239<br/>Contents xi<br/>REFERENCES 239<br/>PROBLEMS 240<br/>11. Wideband Fast Fading 241<br/>11.1 INTRODUCTION 241<br/>11.2 EFFECT OF WIDEBAND FADING 242<br/>11.3 WIDEBAND CHANNEL MODEL 245<br/>11.4 WIDEBAND CHANNEL PARAMETERS 246<br/>11.5 FREQUENCY DOMAIN EFFECTS 251<br/>11.6 THE BELLO FUNCTIONS 252<br/>11.7 WIDEBAND FADING IN FIXED LINKS 253<br/>11.8 OVERCOMING WIDEBAND CHANNEL IMPAIRMENTS 254<br/>11.9 CONCLUSION 254<br/>REFERENCES 255<br/>PROBLEMS 255<br/>12. Microcells 257<br/>12.1 INTRODUCTION 257<br/>12.2 EMPIRICAL MODELS 257<br/>12.2.1 Dual-Slope Model 257<br/>12.2.2 The Lee Microcell Model 259<br/>12.2.3 The Har?Xia-Bertoni Model 260<br/>12.3 PHYSICAL MODELS 262<br/>12.4 LINE-OF-SIGHT MODELS 264<br/>12.4.1 Two-Ray Model 264<br/>12.4.2 Street Canyon Models 265<br/>12.4.3 ITU-R P.1411 Street Canyon Model 267<br/>12.4.4 Random Waveguide Model 268<br/>12.5 NON-LINE-OF-SIGHT MODELS 270<br/>12.5.1 Propagation Mechanisms and Cell Planning Considerations 270<br/>12.5.2 Recursive Model 273<br/>12.5.3 ITU-R P.1411 Non-Line-of-Sight Model 274<br/>12.5.4 Site-Specific Ray Models 275<br/>12.6 DISCUSSION 276<br/>12.7 MICROCELL SHADOWING 277<br/>12.8 NARROWBAND FADING 277<br/>12.9 WIDEBAND EFFECTS 277<br/>12.10 CONCLUSION 278<br/>REFERENCES 279<br/>PROBLEMS 280<br/>13. Picocells 283<br/>13.1 INTRODUCTION 283<br/>13.2 EMPIRICAL MODELS OF PROPAGATION WITHIN BUILDINGS 283<br/>13.2.1 Wall and Floor Factor Models 283<br/>xii Contents<br/>13.2.2 COST231 Multi-Wall Model 285<br/>13.2.3 Ericsson Model 286<br/>13.2.4 Empirical Models for Wireless Lan 286<br/>13.2.5 Measurement-Based Prediction 288<br/>13.3 PHYSICAL MODELS OF INDOOR PROPAGATION WITHIN<br/>BUILDINGS 288<br/>13.3.1 Ray-Tracing Models for Picocells 289<br/>13.3.2 Reduced-Complexity UTD Indoor Model 289<br/>13.3.3 Propagation Between Floors 291<br/>13.3.4 Propagation on Single Floors 292<br/>13.4 MODELS OF PROPAGATION INTO BUILDINGS 293<br/>13.4.1 Introduction 293<br/>13.4.2 Measured Behaviour 294<br/>13.4.3 COST231 Line-of-Sight Model 294<br/>13.4.4 Floor Gain Models 295<br/>13.4.5 COST231 Non-line-of-Sight Model 296<br/>13.4.6 Propagation Mechanisms 297<br/>13.5 CONSTITUTIVE PARAMETERS OF BUILDING MATERIALS<br/>FOR PHYSICAL MODELS 299<br/>13.6 SHADOWING 300<br/>13.7 MULTIPATH EFFECTS 300<br/>13.8 ULTRA-WIDEBAND INDOOR PROPAGATION 302<br/>13.9 PROPAGATION IN TUNNELS AND OTHER ENCLOSED<br/>SPACES 303<br/>13.9.1 Measured Behaviour 303<br/>13.9.2 Models of Tunnel Propagation 305<br/>13.10 DISCUSSION 309<br/>13.11 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS FOR INDOOR AND ENCLOSED<br/>SPACE APPLICATIONS 309<br/>13.11.1 Distributed Antenna Systems ? General Considerations 310<br/>13.11.2 Passive Distributed Antenna Systems 310<br/>13.11.3 Active Distributed Antenna Systems 311<br/>13.11.4 Hybrid Systems 314<br/>13.11.5 Radiating Cables 314<br/>13.11.6 Repeaters 319<br/>13.11.7 Digital Distribution 320<br/>13.11.8 Selecting The Most Appropriate Distribution System 321<br/>13.12 INDOOR LINK BUDGETS 321<br/>13.13 CONCLUSION 326<br/>REFERENCES 326<br/>PROBLEMS 328<br/>14. Megacells 331<br/>14.1 INTRODUCTION 331<br/>14.2 SHADOWING AND FAST FADING 332<br/>14.2.1 Introduction 332<br/>Contents xiii<br/>14.2.2 Local Shadowing Effects 333<br/>14.2.3 Local Multipath Effects 334<br/>14.3 EMPIRICAL NARROWBAND MODELS 336<br/>14.4 STATISTICAL MODELS 337<br/>14.4.1 Loo Model 339<br/>14.4.2 Corazza Model 341<br/>14.4.3 Lutz Model 341<br/>14.5 SHADOWING STATISTICS 345<br/>14.6 PHYSICAL-STATISTICAL MODELS FOR BUILT-UP AREAS 345<br/>14.6.1 Building Height Distribution 348<br/>14.6.2 Time-Share of Shadowing 349<br/>14.6.3 Time Series Model 350<br/>14.7 WIDEBAND MODELS 353<br/>14.8 MULTI-SATELLITE CORRELATIONS 354<br/>14.9 OVERALL MOBILE SATELLITE CHANNEL MODEL 356<br/>14.10 CONCLUSION 357<br/>REFERENCES 357<br/>PROBLEMS 359<br/>15. Antennas for Mobile Systems 361<br/>15.1 INTRODUCTION 361<br/>15.2 MOBILE TERMINAL ANTENNAS 361<br/>15.2.1 Performance Requirements 361<br/>15.2.2 Small Antenna Fundamentals 362<br/>15.2.3 Dipoles 364<br/>15.2.4 Helical Antennas 366<br/>15.2.5 Inverted-F Antennas 366<br/>15.2.6 Patches 368<br/>15.2.7 Mean Effective Gain (MEG) 368<br/>15.2.8 Human Body Interactions and Specific Absorption Rate<br/>(SAR) 370<br/>15.2.9 Mobile Satellite Antennas 374<br/>15.3 BASE STATION ANTENNAS 376<br/>15.3.1 Performance Requirements in Macrocells 376<br/>15.3.2 Macrocell Antenna Design 377<br/>15.3.3 Macrocell Antenna Diversity 380<br/>15.3.4 Microcell Antennas 381<br/>15.3.5 Picocell Antennas 382<br/>15.3.6 Antennas for Wireless Lan 385<br/>15.4 CONCLUSION 386<br/>REFERENCES 386<br/>PROBLEMS 388<br/>16. Overcoming Narrowband Fading via Diversity 391<br/>16.1 INTRODUCTION 391<br/>16.2 CRITERIA FOR USEFUL BRANCHES 392<br/>xiv Contents<br/>16.3 SPACE DIVERSITY 393<br/>16.3.1 General Model 393<br/>16.3.2 Mobile Station Space Diversity 395<br/>16.3.3 Handset Diversity Antennas 397<br/>16.3.4 Base Station Space Diversity 397<br/>16.4 POLARISATION DIVERSITY 399<br/>16.4.1 Base Station Polarisation Diversity 399<br/>16.4.2 Mobile Station Polarisation Diversity 400<br/>16.5 TIME DIVERSITY 402<br/>16.6 FREQUENCY DIVERSITY 403<br/>16.7 COMBINING METHODS 403<br/>16.7.1 Selection Combining 403<br/>16.7.2 Switched Combining 405<br/>16.7.3 Equal-Gain Combining 406<br/>16.7.4 Maximum Ratio Combining 407<br/>16.7.5 Comparison of Combining Methods 408<br/>16.8 DIVERSITY FOR MICROWAVE LINKS 409<br/>16.9 MACRODIVERSITY 410<br/>16.10 TRANSMIT DIVERSITY 410<br/>16.11 CONCLUSION 411<br/>REFERENCES 411<br/>PROBLEMS 412<br/>17. Overcoming Wideband Fading 413<br/>17.1 INTRODUCTION 413<br/>17.2 SYSTEM MODELLING 413<br/>17.2.1 Continuous-Time System Model 413<br/>17.2.2 Discrete-Time System Model 414<br/>17.2.3 First Nyquist Criterion 415<br/>17.3 LINEAR EQUALISERS 416<br/>17.3.1 Linear Equaliser Structure 416<br/>17.3.2 Zero-Forcing Equaliser 417<br/>17.3.3 Least Mean Square Equaliser 418<br/>17.4 ADAPTIVE EQUALISERS 419<br/>17.4.1 Direct Matrix Inversion 420<br/>17.4.2 LMS Algorithm 421<br/>17.4.3 Other Convergence Algorithms 421<br/>17.5 NON-LINEAR EQUALISERS 422<br/>17.5.1 Decision Feedback 423<br/>17.5.2 Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimator 423<br/>17.5.3 Viterbi Equalisation 424<br/>17.6 RAKE RECEIVERS 427<br/>17.7 OFDM RECEIVERS 430<br/>17.8 CONCLUSION 435<br/>REFERENCES 435<br/>PROBLEMS 436<br/>Contents xv<br/>18. Adaptive Antennas 437<br/>18.1 INTRODUCTION 437<br/>18.2 BASIC CONCEPTS 437<br/>18.3 ADAPTIVE ANTENNA APPLICATIONS 438<br/>18.3.1 Example of Adaptive Antenna Processing 438<br/>18.3.2 Spatial Filtering for Interference Reduction 440<br/>18.3.3 Space Division Multiple Access 441<br/>18.3.4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems 441<br/>18.4 OPTIMUM COMBINING 443<br/>18.4.1 Formulation 443<br/>18.4.2 Steering Vector for Uniform Linear Array 445<br/>18.4.3 Steering Vector for Arbitrary Element Positions 446<br/>18.4.4 Optimum Combiner in a Free Space Environment 447<br/>18.4.5 Optimum Combiner in a Fading Environment 449<br/>18.4.6 Implementation of Adaptive Antennas 450<br/>18.4.7 Adaptive Antenna Channel Parameters 450<br/>18.5 MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SYSTEMS 453<br/>18.5.1 MIMO Signal Model 453<br/>18.5.2 MIMO Channel Capacity 455<br/>18.5.3 Trade-Off Between Diversity and Capacity for MIMO 458<br/>18.5.4 Particular STC Schemes 459<br/>18.5.5 MIMO Channel Modelling 460<br/>18.5.6 MIMO Channel Models for Specific Systems 462<br/>18.5.7 Impact of Antennas on MIMO Performance 464<br/>18.6 ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS IN A PRACTICAL SYSTEM 465<br/>18.7 CONCLUSION 466<br/>REFERENCES 466<br/>PROBLEMS 468<br/>19. Channel Measurements for Mobile Systems 469<br/>19.1 INTRODUCTION 469<br/>19.2 APPLICATIONS FOR CHANNEL MEASUREMENTS 469<br/>19.2.1 Tuning Empirical Path Loss Models 469<br/>19.2.2 Creating Synthetic Channel Models 470<br/>19.2.3 Existing Coverage 471<br/>19.2.4 Design Survey 471<br/>19.3 IMPACT OF MEASUREMENT INACCURACIES 471<br/>19.4 SIGNAL SAMPLING ISSUES 473<br/>19.4.1 Estimators of the Local Mean 473<br/>19.4.2 Sampling Rate 476<br/>19.5 MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 479<br/>19.5.1 Narrowband Channel Sounding 479<br/>19.5.2 Wideband Channel Measurement Techniques 480<br/>19.5.3 Other Measurements 481<br/>19.6 EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION 481<br/>19.6.1 General 481<br/>19.6.2 Transmitters 482<br/>xvi Contents<br/>19.6.3 Receivers 482<br/>19.6.4 Passive Elements 483<br/>19.7 OUTDOOR MEASUREMENTS 484<br/>19.7.1 General 484<br/>19.7.2 Measurement Campaign Plan 484<br/>19.7.3 Navigation 484<br/>19.7.4 Size and Shape of Area for Averaging 486<br/>19.7.5 Outdoor Testing Guidelines 488<br/>19.8 INDOOR MEASUREMENTS 488<br/>19.8.1 General 488<br/>19.8.2 Navigation 489<br/>19.8.3 Selection of Walk Routes 490<br/>19.8.4 Equipment 491<br/>19.8.5 Documentation 493<br/>19.9 CONCLUSION 493<br/>REFERENCES 493<br/>PROBLEMS 494<br/>20. Future Developments in the Wireless Communication Channel 497<br/>20.1 INTRODUCTION 497<br/>20.2 HIGH-RESOLUTION DATA 497<br/>20.3 ANALYTICAL FORMULATIONS 498<br/>20.4 PHYSICAL-STATISTICAL CHANNEL MODELLING 498<br/>20.5 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHANNEL MODELS 498<br/>20.6 REAL-TIME CHANNEL PREDICTIONS 498<br/>20.7 INTELLIGENT ANTENNAS 499<br/>20.8 DISTRIBUTED AND AD-HOC CELL ARCHITECTURES 499<br/>20.9 CONCLUSION 500<br/>REFERENCES 500<br/>Appendix A Statistics, Probability and Stochastic Processes 501<br/>A.1 INTRODUCTION 501<br/>A.2 SINGLE RANDOM VARIABLES 501<br/>A.3 MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES 502<br/>A.4 GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION AND CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM 503<br/>A.5 RANDOM PROCESSES 504<br/>REFERENCES 504<br/>Appendix B Tables and Data 505<br/>B.1 NORMAL (GAUSSIAN) DISTRIBUTION 505<br/>B.2 ERROR FUNCTION 507<br/>B.3 FRESNEL INTEGRALS 508<br/>B.4 GAMMA FUNCTION 508<br/>B.5 BESSEL FUNCTION 511<br/>REFERENCE 511<br/>Abbreviations 513<br/>Index 517<br/>Contents xvi |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
Antennas (Electronics) |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
Wireless communication systems. |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Aragón-Zavala, Alejandro. |
| Relator term |
author |
| 856 41 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Materials specified |
Table of contents only |
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0712/2007009979.html">http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0712/2007009979.html</a> |
| 856 42 - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Materials specified |
Publisher description |
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2007009979-d.html">http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2007009979-d.html</a> |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Koha item type |
Books |