Creating the built environment : an introduction to the practicalities of designing, constructing, and owning buildings / Leslie Holes.

By:

Holes, Leslie

Material type: Text

text

Media type:

unmediated

Carrier type:

volume

ISBN:

0419208208 (pbk. : acid free paper)

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

690 21 H.L.C

Online resources:

Abstract

Contents:

Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- PART ONE Our Built Environments -- 1 The internal environment -- 1.1 WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITIES SHOULD WE EXPECT? -- THE ROOM YOU ARE IN -- THE REST OF THE BUILDING -- 1.2 THE INTERNAL FINISHES -- TYPES OF SURFACE FINISH -- Type A surface (paint type) -- Type B surface (clear finish type) -- Type C surface (tiles type) -- Type D surface (flexible sheet type) -- 1.3 THE BASES OF INTERNAL FINISHES AND THEIR BACKGROUNDS -- TYPES OF BASES ON OPEN FRAMEWORKS -- CONTINUOUS BACKGROUNDS -- TYPES OF BASES ON CONTINUOUS BACKGROUNDS -- INTERMEDIATE CONSTRUCTIONS -- JUNCTIONS BETWEEN FINISHES -- WHICH BACKGROUND IS IT? -- FURNISHINGS -- 1.4 DOORWAYS -- DOORS GENERALLY -- EXTERNAL DOORWAYS IN MASONRY WALLS -- INTERNAL DOORWAYS -- 1.5 WINDOWS -- 1.6 INTERNAL CIRCULATION -- VISITOR INFORMATION -- SPATIAL SYSTEMS -- ESCAPE IN CASE OF FIRE -- STAIRWAYS -- LIFTS (ELEVATORS) -- 1.7 SERVICES, INSTALLATIONS AND FITTINGS -- SERVICES AND INSTALLATIONS GENERALLY -- FITTINGS -- WATER SERVICES TO FITTINGS -- WASTE WATER INSTALLATIONS -- HEATING SERVICES -- ELECTRICAL SERVICES -- VENTILATION SYSTEMS -- 1.8 COMMENTARY -- FURTHER READING -- 2 The external environment -- 2.1 ROOF COVERINGS -- SLOPING ROOF COVERINGS GENERALLY -- UNIT PRODUCTS FOR ROOF COVERINGS -- UNIT COVERINGS TO SLOPING OPEN FRAMEWORKS -- EAVES, VERGES, HIPS, AND VALLEYS -- PARAPETS -- OTHER COVERINGS TO SLOPING OPEN FRAMEWORKS -- FLAT ROOF COVERINGS -- 'WINDOWS' IN ROOF COVERINGS -- THE RAINWATER INSTALLATION -- 2.2 EXTERNAL WALLS -- MORTARS AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS -- BRICKS AND BLOCKS -- BRICK AND BLOCK WALLS -- THE FACES OF BRICK EXTERNAL WALLS -- THE FACES OF STONE EXTERNAL WALLS -- FINISHES TO EXTERNAL WALLS -- CURTAIN WALLS, CLADDING AND RAIN SCREENS -- 2.3 EXTERNAL WORKS. EXTERNAL DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS -- SERVICE CONNECTIONS -- REFUSE (TRASH) DISPOSAL -- 2.4 THE BUILDING IN ITS ENVIRONMENT -- OVERALL IMPRESSIONS -- BUILDING STYLES -- 2.5 INVESTMENT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -- 2.6 COMMENTARY -- REFERENCE -- FURTHER READING -- 3 The building structure -- 3.1 STRENGTH AND STABILITY -- BUILDING LOADS -- STRENGTH -- STABILITY, OR FIRMNESS -- DIMENSIONAL STABILITY -- ACHIEVING CONTINUITY -- MAKING THE MOST OF WHAT YOU'VE GOT -- 3.2 OPEN FRAMEWORKS -- OPEN FRAMEWORKS IN GENERAL -- SIMPLE PITCHED ROOF OPEN FRAMEWORKS -- PITCHED ROOF WITH TRUSSES -- FLAT ROOF AND FLOOR OPEN FRAMEWORKS -- OPEN FRAMEWORK WALLS -- STRUCTURAL FRAMES -- 3.3 CONTINUOUS STRUCTURES -- THE STABILITY OF MASONRY CONSTRUCTIONS -- CONCRETE STRUCTURES GENERALLY -- 3.4 SUBSTRUCTURES -- FLOOR STRUCTURES NEXT TO THE GROUND -- WALL FOUNDATIONS -- 3.5 BUILDING SITES -- VARIETIES OF SOILS -- TOPSOIL -- SUBSOIL -- CHANGE IN BULK DENSITY -- SITE CONTAMINANTS -- BENCH MARKS -- 3.6 COMMENTARY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 4 Improving our built environments -- 4.1 KEEPING DRY -- RESISTANCE TO RAIN AND SNOW -- RESISTANCE TO MOISTURE FROM THE GROUND -- CONDENSATION AND THERMAL BRIDGES -- DEALING WITH CONDENSATION -- CONDENSATION WITHIN THE ROOF -- 4.2 MAINTAINING A COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT -- PROPERTIES AFFECTING THERMAL TRANSMISSION -- IMPROVING THERMAL INSULATION -- Pitched roofs -- Flat roofs -- External walls -- Floors next to the ground -- Windows -- Thermal bridging generally -- 4.3 HEALTH AND SAFETY -- THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF OPERATIVES AND OCCUPIERS -- FIRE -- ACHIEVING APPROPRIATE FIRE SAFETY -- MAINTAINING A SECURE ENVIRONMENT -- MAINTAINING A QUIET ENVIRONMENT -- EXCLUDING INSECTS -- 4.4 GENERAL AND ECONOMIC ATTRIBUTES -- BUILDABILITY (UK) OR CONSTRUCTABILITY (USA) -- DURABILITY -- RESISTANCE TO WEAR -- EASE OF MAINTENANCE AND RENEWAL. USING PRODUCTS FROM SUSTAINABLE AND READILY AVAILABLE SOURCES -- RESISTING THE EFFECT OF CHEMICALS -- ENERGY EFFICIENT -- 4.5 OBSERVING DEFECTS -- 4.6 COMMENTARY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 5 Construction products -- 5.1 CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES -- CATEGORY A SUBSTANCES -- CATEGORY B SUBSTANCES -- 5.2 AN ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTS -- FORMLESS AND FORMED PRODUCTS -- MAIN AND DEPENDENT PRODUCTS SETS -- 5.3 FORMLESS PRODUCT CLASSES -- 5.4 FORMED PRODUCT CLASSES -- (B) FORMED PRODUCTS AND FIXINGS GENERALLY -- FORMED PRODUCTS WITH TWO MAJOR DIMENSIONS -- FORMED PRODUCTS WITH ONE MAJOR DIMENSION -- 5.5 OTHER PRODUCT CLASSES -- (AB) MATERIALS FOR COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTIONS -- (C) COMPONENTS AND FURNISHINGS -- (D) SOILS, ROCKS, LANDSCAPING -- 5.6 COMMENTARY -- FURTHER READING -- PART TWO Design -- 6 Project initiation -- 6.1 THE OWNER -- ANALYSING THE PROJECT -- TO LEASE, BUY OR BUILD? -- LEGAL QUESTIONS -- ECONOMIC QUESTIONS -- PRACTICAL QUESTIONS -- THE PROJECT BRIEF -- 6.2 THE DESIGN BRIEF -- CONTENTS OF THE DESIGN BRIEF -- HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN -- 6.3 BUILDING PROCUREMENT (DELIVERY) -- MINIMIZING THE OVERALL PROJECT TIME -- CHOOSING WHICH TYPE OF CONTRACT -- OPEN AND SELECTIVE TENDERING -- 6.4 THE PROFESSIONALS -- APPOINTING THE PROFESSIONAL TEAM -- MINIMIZING CONFLICT -- QUALITY EXPECTATIONS -- 6.5 COMMENTARY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 7 Scheme design -- 7.1 BUILDINGS AS ARCHITECTURE -- 7.2 BUILDING ELEMENTS -- ENCLOSING ELEMENTS -- THE FUNCTIONS OF ENCLOSING ELEMENTS -- Regulative -- Supportive -- Visual -- Economic -- THE ATTRIBUTES OF ENCLOSING ELEMENTS -- 7.3 DESIGN STAGES -- THE CHICKEN AND EGG QUESTION -- 7.4 GATHERING PRIVATE INFORMATION -- INFORMATION ON THE SITE -- INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES TO BE ACCOMMODATED -- CONSTRAINTS -- HEALTH AND SAFETY -- 7.5 STORING AND RETRIEVING PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE -- DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL. CLASSIFYING GENERALLY -- THE SFB SYSTEM -- COST INFORMATION -- INDEXING BOOKS -- PLANNING INFORMATION -- OTHER INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES -- ELECTRONIC STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL -- 7.6 PLANNING THE BUILDING -- PLANNING THE USEFUL SPACES -- THE LAYOUT STRATEGY -- PLANNING THE LAYOUT -- TESTING AFFORDABILITY -- FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS -- 7.7 DESIGN PROCEDURES -- OUTLINE STAGE -- SCHEME DESIGN STAGE -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- The design process -- Planning data -- General reference -- 8 Design efficiency -- 8.1 ELEMENT RATIOS -- THE RATIO BETWEEN THE PERIMETER AND THE GROSS FLOOR AREA -- 8.2 MEASURING DESIGN EFFICIENCY -- FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS -- USEFUL FLOOR AREA INDEXES -- 8.3 CALCULATING GIRTHS AND AREAS -- DIMENSIONAL DATA FORMATS -- ROOM GIRTHS AND AREAS -- BUILDING ENVELOPE HORIZONTAL AREA AND GIRTH -- CALCULATING THE GIRTH OF INTERNAL WALLS -- 8.4 CALCULATING THE RATE OF HEAT LOSS -- 8.5 COMMENTARY -- REFERENCE -- 9 Detail design -- 9.1 TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS IN GENERAL -- FEATURES OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS -- SOURCES OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION -- GENERAL DEPENDENCES -- DETAIL DESIGN SEQUENCE -- CONSTRAINTS ON TECHNICAL FREEDOM -- PRIME COST AND PROVISIONAL SUMS -- 9.2 PARTS VISIBLE FROM THE INSIDE -- APPLIED INTERNAL FINISHES -- FURNISHINGS -- DOORWAYS -- WINDOWS -- STAIRWAYS -- LIFTS -- FITTINGS -- 9.3 PARTS VISIBLE FROM THE OUTSIDE -- ROOF COVERING -- EAVES AND VERGES -- RAINWATER INSTALLATION -- THE FACES OF EXTERNAL WALLS -- EXTERNAL WORKS -- VISITOR INFORMATION -- 9.4 THE BUILDING STRUCTURE -- ROOF STRUCTURE -- UPPER FLOOR AND STAIRCASE STRUCTURES -- LOADBEARING EXTERNAL WALLS -- OTHER LOADBEARING WALLS -- PARAPETS -- STRUCTURAL FRAME -- NON-LOADBEARING WALLS -- FLOORS NEXT TO THE GROUND -- FOUNDATIONS -- CLEARING AND PREPARING THE SITE -- 9.5 SERVICES -- SANITARY FITTINGS AND WATER SERVICES -- HEATING AND COOLING SERVICES. ELECTRICAL AND ASSOCIATED SERVICES -- VENTILATION SYSTEMS -- SERVICE CONNECTIONS -- 9.6 INSTALLATIONS -- INTERNAL DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS -- EXTERNAL DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS -- REFUSE DISPOSAL -- 9.7 DESIGN APPRAISAL -- BUILDABILITY -- APPRAISING THE DETAIL DESIGN -- PRODUCTION DOCUMENTS -- FURTHER READING -- 10 Communicating the design -- 10.1 DRAWINGS -- WHO ARE DRAWINGS FOR? -- PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS -- OBLIQUE PROJECTIONS -- AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONS -- MULTIPLANE ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS -- THE PRODUCTION DRAWINGS SET -- 10.2 SPECIFICATIONS -- TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS -- PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS -- DESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS -- PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS -- STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES -- CONTENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS WITHIN SPECIFICATIONS -- LINKING PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS TO GRAPHICS -- 10.3 SCHEDULES -- 10.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS -- CO-ORDINATED PROJECT INFORMATION -- THE MASTERFORMAT -- 10.5 COMMENTARY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- PART THREE Construction -- 11 The total building process -- 11.1 THE INDUSTRY AND ITS RESOURCES -- CONSTRUCTION CONTRASTED WITH MANUFACTURING -- AN EVOLVING INDUSTRY -- ECONOMIC SURVIVAL AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY -- 11.2 BUILDING OPERATIVES -- OPERATIVES AND THEIR SKILLS -- OPERATIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY -- OPERATIVE TASKS -- OPERATIVE EMPLOYMENT ANALYSIS -- PLANT EMPLOYMENT ANALYSIS -- 11.3 BUILDING PROCESSES -- KINDS OF BUILDING PROCESS -- ENABLING PROCESSES -- CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES -- QUALITY CONTROL -- OPERATIVE AND MANAGING SYSTEMS -- 11.4 COMMENTARY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 12 Managing projects -- 12.1 MANAGING COMPLEXITY -- INTRODUCING PROJECT PLANNING -- PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPUTER SOFTWARE -- PROJECT COMPLEXITY -- 12.2 ANALYSING THE TOTAL BUILDING PROCESS -- ENABLING PROCESSES -- SITE PREPARATION PROCESSES -- CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES -- LOCATIONS OF ACTIVITIES.

Summary: We spend most of our lives in buildings and almost every building is unique. The purpose of this book is to explain what buildings are and to provide an integrated overview of how they are built and sustained. The book does not presume any specialist knowledge of buildings, seeking instead to explain why the different groups involved in designing, constructing, managing and occupying them follow certain procedures. It is particularly concerned with the generation and circulation of information between these groups. In taking this view, the book considers the recommendations of Sir Michael Latham's 1994 report Constructing the Team which called for better cohesion and communication between specialists in the construction industry.

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Includes bibliographical references and index.

Book Cover --
Half-Title --
Title --
Copyright --
Contents --
Preface --
Acknowledgements --
Introduction --
PART ONE Our Built Environments --
1 The internal environment --
1.1 WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITIES SHOULD WE EXPECT? --
THE ROOM YOU ARE IN --
THE REST OF THE BUILDING --
1.2 THE INTERNAL FINISHES --
TYPES OF SURFACE FINISH --
Type A surface (paint type) --
Type B surface (clear finish type) --
Type C surface (tiles type) --
Type D surface (flexible sheet type) --
1.3 THE BASES OF INTERNAL FINISHES AND THEIR BACKGROUNDS --
TYPES OF BASES ON OPEN FRAMEWORKS --
CONTINUOUS BACKGROUNDS --
TYPES OF BASES ON CONTINUOUS BACKGROUNDS --
INTERMEDIATE CONSTRUCTIONS --
JUNCTIONS BETWEEN FINISHES --
WHICH BACKGROUND IS IT? --
FURNISHINGS --
1.4 DOORWAYS --
DOORS GENERALLY --
EXTERNAL DOORWAYS IN MASONRY WALLS --
INTERNAL DOORWAYS --
1.5 WINDOWS --
1.6 INTERNAL CIRCULATION --
VISITOR INFORMATION --
SPATIAL SYSTEMS --
ESCAPE IN CASE OF FIRE --
STAIRWAYS --
LIFTS (ELEVATORS) --
1.7 SERVICES, INSTALLATIONS AND FITTINGS --
SERVICES AND INSTALLATIONS GENERALLY --
FITTINGS --
WATER SERVICES TO FITTINGS --
WASTE WATER INSTALLATIONS --
HEATING SERVICES --
ELECTRICAL SERVICES --
VENTILATION SYSTEMS --
1.8 COMMENTARY --
FURTHER READING --
2 The external environment --
2.1 ROOF COVERINGS --
SLOPING ROOF COVERINGS GENERALLY --
UNIT PRODUCTS FOR ROOF COVERINGS --
UNIT COVERINGS TO SLOPING OPEN FRAMEWORKS --
EAVES, VERGES, HIPS, AND VALLEYS --
PARAPETS --
OTHER COVERINGS TO SLOPING OPEN FRAMEWORKS --
FLAT ROOF COVERINGS --
'WINDOWS' IN ROOF COVERINGS --
THE RAINWATER INSTALLATION --
2.2 EXTERNAL WALLS --
MORTARS AND THEIR CONSTITUENTS --
BRICKS AND BLOCKS --
BRICK AND BLOCK WALLS --
THE FACES OF BRICK EXTERNAL WALLS --
THE FACES OF STONE EXTERNAL WALLS --
FINISHES TO EXTERNAL WALLS --
CURTAIN WALLS, CLADDING AND RAIN SCREENS --
2.3 EXTERNAL WORKS. EXTERNAL DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS --
SERVICE CONNECTIONS --
REFUSE (TRASH) DISPOSAL --
2.4 THE BUILDING IN ITS ENVIRONMENT --
OVERALL IMPRESSIONS --
BUILDING STYLES --
2.5 INVESTMENT IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT --
2.6 COMMENTARY --
REFERENCE --
FURTHER READING --
3 The building structure --
3.1 STRENGTH AND STABILITY --
BUILDING LOADS --
STRENGTH --
STABILITY, OR FIRMNESS --
DIMENSIONAL STABILITY --
ACHIEVING CONTINUITY --
MAKING THE MOST OF WHAT YOU'VE GOT --
3.2 OPEN FRAMEWORKS --
OPEN FRAMEWORKS IN GENERAL --
SIMPLE PITCHED ROOF OPEN FRAMEWORKS --
PITCHED ROOF WITH TRUSSES --
FLAT ROOF AND FLOOR OPEN FRAMEWORKS --
OPEN FRAMEWORK WALLS --
STRUCTURAL FRAMES --
3.3 CONTINUOUS STRUCTURES --
THE STABILITY OF MASONRY CONSTRUCTIONS --
CONCRETE STRUCTURES GENERALLY --
3.4 SUBSTRUCTURES --
FLOOR STRUCTURES NEXT TO THE GROUND --
WALL FOUNDATIONS --
3.5 BUILDING SITES --
VARIETIES OF SOILS --
TOPSOIL --
SUBSOIL --
CHANGE IN BULK DENSITY --
SITE CONTAMINANTS --
BENCH MARKS --
3.6 COMMENTARY --
REFERENCES --
FURTHER READING --
4 Improving our built environments --
4.1 KEEPING DRY --
RESISTANCE TO RAIN AND SNOW --
RESISTANCE TO MOISTURE FROM THE GROUND --
CONDENSATION AND THERMAL BRIDGES --
DEALING WITH CONDENSATION --
CONDENSATION WITHIN THE ROOF --
4.2 MAINTAINING A COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT --
PROPERTIES AFFECTING THERMAL TRANSMISSION --
IMPROVING THERMAL INSULATION --
Pitched roofs --
Flat roofs --
External walls --
Floors next to the ground --
Windows --
Thermal bridging generally --
4.3 HEALTH AND SAFETY --
THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF OPERATIVES AND OCCUPIERS --
FIRE --
ACHIEVING APPROPRIATE FIRE SAFETY --
MAINTAINING A SECURE ENVIRONMENT --
MAINTAINING A QUIET ENVIRONMENT --
EXCLUDING INSECTS --
4.4 GENERAL AND ECONOMIC ATTRIBUTES --
BUILDABILITY (UK) OR CONSTRUCTABILITY (USA) --
DURABILITY --
RESISTANCE TO WEAR --
EASE OF MAINTENANCE AND RENEWAL. USING PRODUCTS FROM SUSTAINABLE AND READILY AVAILABLE SOURCES --
RESISTING THE EFFECT OF CHEMICALS --
ENERGY EFFICIENT --
4.5 OBSERVING DEFECTS --
4.6 COMMENTARY --
REFERENCES --
FURTHER READING --
5 Construction products --
5.1 CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES --
CATEGORY A SUBSTANCES --
CATEGORY B SUBSTANCES --
5.2 AN ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTS --
FORMLESS AND FORMED PRODUCTS --
MAIN AND DEPENDENT PRODUCTS SETS --
5.3 FORMLESS PRODUCT CLASSES --
5.4 FORMED PRODUCT CLASSES --
(B) FORMED PRODUCTS AND FIXINGS GENERALLY --
FORMED PRODUCTS WITH TWO MAJOR DIMENSIONS --
FORMED PRODUCTS WITH ONE MAJOR DIMENSION --
5.5 OTHER PRODUCT CLASSES --
(AB) MATERIALS FOR COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTIONS --
(C) COMPONENTS AND FURNISHINGS --
(D) SOILS, ROCKS, LANDSCAPING --
5.6 COMMENTARY --
FURTHER READING --
PART TWO Design --
6 Project initiation --
6.1 THE OWNER --
ANALYSING THE PROJECT --
TO LEASE, BUY OR BUILD? --
LEGAL QUESTIONS --
ECONOMIC QUESTIONS --
PRACTICAL QUESTIONS --
THE PROJECT BRIEF --
6.2 THE DESIGN BRIEF --
CONTENTS OF THE DESIGN BRIEF --
HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN --
6.3 BUILDING PROCUREMENT (DELIVERY) --
MINIMIZING THE OVERALL PROJECT TIME --
CHOOSING WHICH TYPE OF CONTRACT --
OPEN AND SELECTIVE TENDERING --
6.4 THE PROFESSIONALS --
APPOINTING THE PROFESSIONAL TEAM --
MINIMIZING CONFLICT --
QUALITY EXPECTATIONS --
6.5 COMMENTARY --
REFERENCES --
FURTHER READING --
7 Scheme design --
7.1 BUILDINGS AS ARCHITECTURE --
7.2 BUILDING ELEMENTS --
ENCLOSING ELEMENTS --
THE FUNCTIONS OF ENCLOSING ELEMENTS --
Regulative --
Supportive --
Visual --
Economic --
THE ATTRIBUTES OF ENCLOSING ELEMENTS --
7.3 DESIGN STAGES --
THE CHICKEN AND EGG QUESTION --
7.4 GATHERING PRIVATE INFORMATION --
INFORMATION ON THE SITE --
INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES TO BE ACCOMMODATED --
CONSTRAINTS --
HEALTH AND SAFETY --
7.5 STORING AND RETRIEVING PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE --
DATA STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL. CLASSIFYING GENERALLY --
THE SFB SYSTEM --
COST INFORMATION --
INDEXING BOOKS --
PLANNING INFORMATION --
OTHER INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES --
ELECTRONIC STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL --
7.6 PLANNING THE BUILDING --
PLANNING THE USEFUL SPACES --
THE LAYOUT STRATEGY --
PLANNING THE LAYOUT --
TESTING AFFORDABILITY --
FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS --
7.7 DESIGN PROCEDURES --
OUTLINE STAGE --
SCHEME DESIGN STAGE --
REFERENCES --
FURTHER READING --
The design process --
Planning data --
General reference --
8 Design efficiency --
8.1 ELEMENT RATIOS --
THE RATIO BETWEEN THE PERIMETER AND THE GROSS FLOOR AREA --
8.2 MEASURING DESIGN EFFICIENCY --
FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS --
USEFUL FLOOR AREA INDEXES --
8.3 CALCULATING GIRTHS AND AREAS --
DIMENSIONAL DATA FORMATS --
ROOM GIRTHS AND AREAS --
BUILDING ENVELOPE HORIZONTAL AREA AND GIRTH --
CALCULATING THE GIRTH OF INTERNAL WALLS --
8.4 CALCULATING THE RATE OF HEAT LOSS --
8.5 COMMENTARY --
REFERENCE --
9 Detail design --
9.1 TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS IN GENERAL --
FEATURES OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS --
SOURCES OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION --
GENERAL DEPENDENCES --
DETAIL DESIGN SEQUENCE --
CONSTRAINTS ON TECHNICAL FREEDOM --
PRIME COST AND PROVISIONAL SUMS --
9.2 PARTS VISIBLE FROM THE INSIDE --
APPLIED INTERNAL FINISHES --
FURNISHINGS --
DOORWAYS --
WINDOWS --
STAIRWAYS --
LIFTS --
FITTINGS --
9.3 PARTS VISIBLE FROM THE OUTSIDE --
ROOF COVERING --
EAVES AND VERGES --
RAINWATER INSTALLATION --
THE FACES OF EXTERNAL WALLS --
EXTERNAL WORKS --
VISITOR INFORMATION --
9.4 THE BUILDING STRUCTURE --
ROOF STRUCTURE --
UPPER FLOOR AND STAIRCASE STRUCTURES --
LOADBEARING EXTERNAL WALLS --
OTHER LOADBEARING WALLS --
PARAPETS --
STRUCTURAL FRAME --
NON-LOADBEARING WALLS --
FLOORS NEXT TO THE GROUND --
FOUNDATIONS --
CLEARING AND PREPARING THE SITE --
9.5 SERVICES --
SANITARY FITTINGS AND WATER SERVICES --
HEATING AND COOLING SERVICES. ELECTRICAL AND ASSOCIATED SERVICES --
VENTILATION SYSTEMS --
SERVICE CONNECTIONS --
9.6 INSTALLATIONS --
INTERNAL DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS --
EXTERNAL DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS --
REFUSE DISPOSAL --
9.7 DESIGN APPRAISAL --
BUILDABILITY --
APPRAISING THE DETAIL DESIGN --
PRODUCTION DOCUMENTS --
FURTHER READING --
10 Communicating the design --
10.1 DRAWINGS --
WHO ARE DRAWINGS FOR? --
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS --
OBLIQUE PROJECTIONS --
AXONOMETRIC PROJECTIONS --
MULTIPLANE ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS --
THE PRODUCTION DRAWINGS SET --
10.2 SPECIFICATIONS --
TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS --
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS --
DESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS --
PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS --
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES --
CONTENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS WITHIN SPECIFICATIONS --
LINKING PRESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATIONS TO GRAPHICS --
10.3 SCHEDULES --
10.4 INFORMATION SYSTEMS --
CO-ORDINATED PROJECT INFORMATION --
THE MASTERFORMAT --
10.5 COMMENTARY --
REFERENCES --
FURTHER READING --
PART THREE Construction --
11 The total building process --
11.1 THE INDUSTRY AND ITS RESOURCES --
CONSTRUCTION CONTRASTED WITH MANUFACTURING --
AN EVOLVING INDUSTRY --
ECONOMIC SURVIVAL AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY --
11.2 BUILDING OPERATIVES --
OPERATIVES AND THEIR SKILLS --
OPERATIVE HEALTH AND SAFETY --
OPERATIVE TASKS --
OPERATIVE EMPLOYMENT ANALYSIS --
PLANT EMPLOYMENT ANALYSIS --
11.3 BUILDING PROCESSES --
KINDS OF BUILDING PROCESS --
ENABLING PROCESSES --
CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES --
QUALITY CONTROL --
OPERATIVE AND MANAGING SYSTEMS --
11.4 COMMENTARY --
REFERENCES --
FURTHER READING --
12 Managing projects --
12.1 MANAGING COMPLEXITY --
INTRODUCING PROJECT PLANNING --
PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPUTER SOFTWARE --
PROJECT COMPLEXITY --
12.2 ANALYSING THE TOTAL BUILDING PROCESS --
ENABLING PROCESSES --
SITE PREPARATION PROCESSES --
CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES --
LOCATIONS OF ACTIVITIES.

We spend most of our lives in buildings and almost every building is unique. The purpose of this book is to explain what buildings are and to provide an integrated overview of how they are built and sustained. The book does not presume any specialist knowledge of buildings, seeking instead to explain why the different groups involved in designing, constructing, managing and occupying them follow certain procedures. It is particularly concerned with the generation and circulation of information between these groups. In taking this view, the book considers the recommendations of Sir Michael Latham's 1994 report Constructing the Team which called for better cohesion and communication between specialists in the construction industry.

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