Principles of environmental engineering and science / Mackenzie L. Davis, Emeritus, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Susan J. Masten, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.

By:

Davis, Mackenzie Leo, 1941- [author]

Contributor(s):

Masten, Susan J [author]

Material type: Text

TextSeries: Principles of environmental engineering and scienceNew york: MC graw hill , [2014]Copyright date: ©2014. Edition: Third editionDescription: xvi, 848 pages : illustrations ; 26 cmContent type:

text

Media type:

unmediated

Carrier type:

volume

ISBN:

9781259060472 (pbk.)
1259060470 (pbk.)
9780073397900 (alk. paper)
0073397903 (alk. paper)

Subject(s):

DDC classification:

628 23 D.M.P

LOC classification:

TD145 .D2623 2014

Contents:

Machine generated contents note: 1.Introduction -- 1-1.What Is Environmental Science? -- Natural Science -- Environmental Science -- Quantitative Environmental Science -- 1-2.What Is Environmental Engineering? -- Engineering -- Environmental Engineering -- 1-3.Historical Perspective -- Overview -- Hydrology -- Water Treatment -- Wastewater Treatment -- Air Pollution Control -- Solid and Hazardous Waste -- 1-4.How Environmental Engineers And Environmental Scientists Work Together -- 1-5.Introduction To Principles Of Environmental Engineering And Science -- Where Do We Start? -- A Short Outline of This Book -- 1-6.Environmental Systems -- Overview -- Systems -- Water Resource Management System -- Air Resource Management System -- Solid Waste Management System -- Multimedia Systems -- Sustainability -- 1-7.Environmental Legislation And Regulation -- Acts, Laws, and Regulations -- 1-8.Environmental Ethics -- Case 1 To Add or Not to Add -- Case 2 You Can't Do Everything At Once -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 2.Chemistry -- Case Study: To MTBE or Not to MTBE? -- 2-1.Introduction -- 2-2.Basic Chemical Concepts -- Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table -- Chemical Bonds and Intermolecular Forces -- The Mole, Molar Units, and Activity Units -- Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry -- Chemical Equilibrium -- Reaction Kinetics -- 2-3.Organic Chemistry -- Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes -- Aryl (Aromatic) Compounds -- Functional Groups and Classes of Compounds -- 2-4.Water Chemistry -- Physical Properties of Water -- States of Solution Impurities -- Concentration Units in Aqueous Solutions or Suspensions -- Buffers -- 2-5.Soil Chemistry -- 2-6.Atmospheric Chemistry -- Fundamentals of Gases -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 3.Biology -- Case Study: Poison Water? -- 3-1.Introduction -- 3-2.Chemical Composition Of Life -- Carbohydrates -- Nucleic Acids -- Proteins -- Lipids -- 3-3.The Cell -- Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes -- Cell Membrane -- Cell Organelles of Eukaryotes -- Cell Organelles of Plant Cells -- Cell Organelles of Prokaryotes -- 3-4.Energy And Metabolism -- Cells, Matter, and Energy -- 3-5.Cellular Reproduction -- The Cell Cycle -- Asexual Reproduction -- Sexual Reproduction -- 3-6.Diversity Of Living Things -- 3-7.Bacteria And Archaea -- Archaea -- Bacteria -- 3-8.Protists -- Protozoa -- Algae -- Slime Molds and Water Molds -- 3-9.Fungi -- Chytridiomycota -- Zygomycota -- Ascomycota -- Basidiomycota -- Deuteromyceta -- 3-10.Viruses -- 3-11.Microbial Disease -- 3-12.Microbial Transformations -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 4.Materials and Energy Balances -- 4-1.Introduction -- 4-2.Unifying Theories -- Conservation of Matter -- Conservation of Energy -- Conservation of Matter and Energy -- 4-3.Materials Balances -- Fundamentals -- Time as a Factor -- More Complex Systems -- Efficiency -- The State of Mixing -- Including Reactions and Loss Processes -- Reactors -- Reactor Analysis -- 4-4.Energy Balances -- First Law of Thermodynamics -- Fundamentals -- Second Law of Thermodynamics -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 5.Ecosystems -- Case Study: DDT'Curse or Blessing? -- 5-1.Introduction -- Ecosystems -- 5-2.Human Influences On Ecosystems -- 5-3.Energy And Mass Flow -- Bioaccumulation -- 5-4.Nutrient Cycles -- Carbon Cycle -- Nitrogen Cycle -- Phosphorus Cycle -- Sulfur Cycle -- 5-5.Population Dynamics -- Bacterial Population Growth -- Animal Population Dynamics -- Human Population Dynamics -- 5-6.Lakes: An Example Of Mass And Energy Cycling In An Ecosystem -- Stratification and Turnover in Deep Lakes -- Biological Zones -- Lake Productivity -- Eutrophication -- 5-7.Environmental Laws To Protect Ecosystems -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 6.Risk Perception, Assessment, and Management -- Case Study: No Swimming! -- 6-1.Introduction -- 6-2.Risk Perception -- 6-3.Risk Assessment -- Data Collection and Evaluation -- Toxicity Assessment -- Exposure Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- 6-4.Risk Management -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 7.Hydrology -- Case Study: The Dying of a Sea -- 7-1.Fundamentals Of Hydrology -- The Hydrological Cycle -- 7-2.Measurement Of Precipitation, Evaporation, Infiltration, And Streamflow -- Precipitation -- Evaporation -- Infiltration -- Streamflow -- 7-3.Groundwater Hydrology -- Aquifers -- 7-4.Groundwater Flow -- 7-5.Well Hydraulics -- Definition of Terms -- Cone of Depression -- 7-6.Surface Water And Groundwater -- As A Water Supply -- 7-7.Depletion Of Groundwater And Surface Water -- Water Rights -- Water Use -- Land Subsidence -- 7-8.Stormwater Management -- Low Impact Development -- Wet Weather Green Infrastructure -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 8.Sustainability -- Case Study: A New Precious Metal -- Copper! -- 8-1.Introduction -- Sustainability -- The People Problem -- There Are No Living Dinosaurs -- Go Green -- 8-2.Water Resources -- Water, Water, Everywhere -- Frequency from Probability Analysis -- Floods -- Droughts -- 8-3.Energy Resources -- Fossil Fuel Reserves -- Nuclear Energy Resources -- Environmental Impacts -- Sustainable Energy Sources -- Green Engineering and Energy Conservation -- 8-4.Mineral Resources -- Reserves -- Environmental Impacts -- Resource Conservation -- 8-5.Soil Resources -- Energy Storage -- Plant Production -- 8-6.Parameters Of Soil Sustainability -- Nutrient Cycling -- Soil Acidity -- Soil Salinity -- Texture and Structure -- 8-7.Soil Conservation -- Soil Management -- Soil Erosion -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 9.Water Quality Management -- Case Study: There She Blows! -- 9-1.Introduction -- 9-2.Water Pollutants And Their Sources -- Point Sources -- Nonpoint Sources -- Oxygen-Demanding Material -- Nutrients -- Pathogenic Organisms -- Suspended Solids -- Salts -- Pesticides -- Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products -- Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals -- Other Organic Chemicals -- Arsenic -- Toxic Metals -- Heat -- Nanoparticles -- 9-3.Water Quality Management In Rivers -- Effect of Oxygen-Demanding Wastes on Rivers -- Biochemical Oxygen Demand -- Laboratory Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand -- Additional Notes on Biochemical Oxygen Demand -- Nitrogen Oxidation -- DO Sag Curve -- Effect of Nutrients on Water Quality in Rivers -- 9-4.Water Quality Management In Lakes -- Control of Phosphorus in Lakes -- Acidification of Lakes -- 9-5.Water Quality In Estuaries -- 9-6.Water Quality In Oceans -- 9-7.Groundwater Quality -- Contaminant Migration in Groundwaters -- 9-8.Source Water Protection -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 10.Water Treatment -- Case Study: Walkerton -- The Town Where Kids Died from E. coli -- 10-1.Introduction -- Water Quality -- Physical Characteristics -- Chemical Characteristics -- Microbiological Characteristics -- Radiological Characteristics -- U.S. Water Quality Standards -- Water Classification and Treatment Systems -- 10-2.Rapid Mixing, Flocculation, And Coagulation -- Colloid Stability and Destabilization -- The Physics of Coagulation -- Coagulants -- Mixing and Flocculation -- 10-3.Softening -- Hardness -- Lime -- Soda Softening -- Ion-Exchange Softening -- 10-4.Sedimentation -- Overview -- Determination of Settling Velocity (vs) -- Determination of Overflow Rate (vo) -- 10-5.Filtration -- 10-6.Disinfection -- Disinfection Kinetics -- Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products -- Chlorine Reactions in Water -- Chloramines -- Chlorine Dioxide -- Ozonation -- Ultraviolet Radiation -- 10-7.Other Treatment Processes For Drinking Water -- Membrane Processes -- Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) -- Carbon Adsorption -- Aeration -- 10-8.Water Plant Residuals Management -- Mass-Balance Analysis -- Sludge Treatment -- Ultimate Disposal -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 11.Wastewater Treatment -- Case Study: Cuyahoga River Burning -- 11-1.Introduction -- Wastewater Treatment Perspective -- 11-2.Characteristics Of Domestic Wastewater -- Physical Characteristics -- Chemical Characteristics -- Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater -- 11-3.Wastewater Treatment Standards -- Pretreatment of Industrial Wastes -- 11-4.On-Site Disposal Systems -- 11-5.Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems -- 1-6.Unit Operations Of Pretreatment -- Bar Racks -- Grit Chambers -- Macerators -- Equalization -- 11-7.Primary Treatment -- 11-8.Unit Processes Of Secondary Treatment -- Overview -- Role of Microorganisms -- Population Dynamics -- Activated Sludge -- Trickling Filters -- Oxidation Ponds -- Rotating Biological Contactors -- Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) -- Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) -- 11-9.Disinfection -- 11-10.Tertiary Wastewater Treatment -- Filtration -- Carbon Adsorption -- Chemical Phosphorus Removal -- Biological Phosphorus Removal -- Nitrogen Control -- 11-11.Land Treatment For Sustainability -- Slow Rate -- Overland Flow -- Rapid Infiltration -- Potential Adverse Affects -- 11-12.Sludge Treatment -- Sources and Characteristics of Various Sludges -- Solids Computations -- Sludge Treatment Processes -- 11-13.Sludge Disposal -- Ultimate Disposal -- Land Spreading -- Landfilling -- Dedicated Land Disposal (DLD) -- Utilization -- Sludge Disposal Regulations -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 12.Air Pollution -- Case Study: The Fog -- 12-1.Introduction -- Air Pollution Perspective -- 12-2.Fundamentals -- Pressure Relationships and Units of Measure -- Relativity -- Adiabatic Expansion and Compression -- 12-3.Air Pollution Standards -- 12-4.Effects Of Air Pollutants -- Effects on Materials -- Effects on Vegetation -- Effects on Health -- 12-5.Origin And Fate Of Air Pollutants -- Carbon Monoxide Note continued: Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) -- Lead -- Nitrogen Dioxide -- Photochemical Oxidants -- Sulfur Oxides -- Particulates -- 12-6.Micro And Macro Air Pollution -- Indoor Air Pollution -- Acid Rain -- Ozone Depletion -- Global Warming -- 12-7.Air Pollution Meteorology -- The Atmospheric Engine -- Turbulence -- Stability -- Terrain Effects -- 12-8.Atmospheric Dispersion -- Factors Affecting Dispersion of Air Pollutants -- Dispersion Modeling -- 12-9.Indoor Air Quality Model -- 12-10.Air Pollution Control Of Stationary Sources -- Gaseous Pollutants -- Flue Gas Desulfurization -- Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides -- Particulate Pollutants -- Control Technologies for Mercury -- 12-11.Air Pollution Control Of Mobile Sources -- Engine Fundamentals -- Control of Automobile Emissions -- 12-12.Waste Minimization For Sustainability -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 13.Solid Waste Engineering -- Case Study: Too Much Waste, Too Little Space -- 13-1.Introduction -- Magnitude of the Problem -- 13-2.Characteristics Of Solid Waste -- 13-3.Solid Waste Management -- 13-4.Solid Waste Collection -- 13-5.Waste As Resource -- Background and Perspective -- Green Chemistry and Green Engineering -- Recycling -- Composting -- Source Reduction -- 13-6.Solid Waste Reduction -- Combustion Processes -- Types of Incinerators -- Public Health and Environmental Issues -- Other Thermal Treatment Processes -- 13-7.Disposal By Sanitary Landfill -- Site Selection -- Operation -- Environmental Considerations -- Leachate -- Methane and Other Gas Production -- Landfill Design -- Landfill Closure -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 14.Hazardous Waste -- Management -- Case Study: Not a Good Time at the Beach -- 14-1.Introduction -- Dioxins and PCBs -- 14-2.Epa's Hazardous Waste Designation System -- 14-3.Rcra And Hswa -- Congressional Actions on Hazardous Waste -- Cradle-to-Grave Concept -- Generator Requirements -- Transporter Regulations -- Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Requirements -- Underground Storage Tanks -- 14-4.Cercla And Sara -- The Superfund Law -- The National Priority List -- The Hazard Ranking System -- The National Contingency Plan -- Liability -- Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act -- 14-5.Hazardous Waste Management -- Waste Minimization -- Waste Exchange -- Recycling -- 14-6.Treatment Technologies -- Biological Treatment -- Chemical Treatment -- Physical/Chemical Treatment -- Incineration -- Stabilization-Solidification -- 14-7.Land Disposal -- Deep Well Injection -- Land Treatment -- The Secure Landfill -- 14-8.Groundwater Contamination -- And Remediation -- The Process of Contamination -- EPA's Groundwater Remediation Procedure -- Mitigation and Treatment -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 15.Noise Pollution -- 15-1.Introduction -- Properties of Sound Waves -- Sound Power and Intensity -- Levels and the Decibel -- Characterization of Noise -- 15-2.Effects Of Noise On People -- The Hearing Mechanism -- Normal Hearing -- Hearing Impairment -- Damage-Risk Criteria -- Speech Interference -- Annoyance -- Sleep Interference -- Effects on Performance -- Acoustic Privacy -- 15-3.Rating Systems -- Goals of a Noise-Rating System -- The Ln Concept -- The Leq Concept -- The Ldn Concept -- 15-4.Community Noise Sources And Criteria -- Transportation Noise -- Other Internal Combustion Engines -- Construction Noise -- Zoning and Siting Considerations -- Levels to Protect Health and Welfare -- 15-5.Transmission Of Sound Outdoors -- Inverse Square Law -- Radiation Fields of a Sound Source -- Directivity -- Airborne Transmission -- 15-6.Traffic Noise Prediction -- Leq Prediction -- Ldn Prediction -- 15-7.Noise Control -- Source-Path-Receiver Concept -- Control of Noise Source by Design -- Noise Control in the Transmission Path -- Control of Noise Source by Redress -- Protect the Receiver -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References -- 16.Ionizing Radiation -- 16-1.Fundamentals -- Atomic Structure -- Radioactivity and Radiation -- Radioactive Decay -- Radioisotopes -- Fission -- The Production of X-Rays -- Radiation Dose -- 16-2.Biological Effects Of Ionizing Radiation -- Sequential Pattern of Biological Effects -- Determinants of Biological Effects -- Acute Effects -- Relation of Dose to Type of Acute Radiation Syndrome -- Delayed Effects -- Genetic Effects -- 16-3.Radiation Standards -- 16-4.Radiation Exposure -- External and Internal Radiation Hazards -- Natural Background -- X-Rays -- Radionuclides -- Nuclear Reactor Operations -- Radioactive Wastes -- 16-5.Radiation Protection -- Reduction of External Radiation Hazards -- Reduction of Internal Radiation Hazards -- 16-6.Radioactive Waste -- Types of Waste -- Management of High-Level Radioactive Waste -- Waste Isolation Pilot Plant -- Management of Low-Level Radioactive Waste -- Long-Term Management and Containment -- Chapter Review -- Problems -- Discussion Questions -- References.

Summary: Intended for a course in introductory environmental engineering for sophomore- or junior-level students, this title provides a background in fundamental science and engineering principles of environmental engineering for students who may or may not become environmental engineers.

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Includes bibliographical references and index.

Machine generated contents note: 1.Introduction --
1-1.What Is Environmental Science? --
Natural Science --
Environmental Science --
Quantitative Environmental Science --
1-2.What Is Environmental Engineering? --
Engineering --
Environmental Engineering --
1-3.Historical Perspective --
Overview --
Hydrology --
Water Treatment --
Wastewater Treatment --
Air Pollution Control --
Solid and Hazardous Waste --
1-4.How Environmental Engineers And Environmental Scientists Work Together --
1-5.Introduction To Principles Of Environmental Engineering And Science --
Where Do We Start? --
A Short Outline of This Book --
1-6.Environmental Systems --
Overview --
Systems --
Water Resource Management System --
Air Resource Management System --
Solid Waste Management System --
Multimedia Systems --
Sustainability --
1-7.Environmental Legislation And Regulation --
Acts, Laws, and Regulations --
1-8.Environmental Ethics --
Case 1 To Add or Not to Add --
Case 2 You Can't Do Everything At Once --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
2.Chemistry --
Case Study: To MTBE or Not to MTBE? --
2-1.Introduction --
2-2.Basic Chemical Concepts --
Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table --
Chemical Bonds and Intermolecular Forces --
The Mole, Molar Units, and Activity Units --
Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry --
Chemical Equilibrium --
Reaction Kinetics --
2-3.Organic Chemistry --
Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes --
Aryl (Aromatic) Compounds --
Functional Groups and Classes of Compounds --
2-4.Water Chemistry --
Physical Properties of Water --
States of Solution Impurities --
Concentration Units in Aqueous Solutions or Suspensions --
Buffers --
2-5.Soil Chemistry --
2-6.Atmospheric Chemistry --
Fundamentals of Gases --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
3.Biology --
Case Study: Poison Water? --
3-1.Introduction --
3-2.Chemical Composition Of Life --
Carbohydrates --
Nucleic Acids --
Proteins --
Lipids --
3-3.The Cell --
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes --
Cell Membrane --
Cell Organelles of Eukaryotes --
Cell Organelles of Plant Cells --
Cell Organelles of Prokaryotes --
3-4.Energy And Metabolism --
Cells, Matter, and Energy --
3-5.Cellular Reproduction --
The Cell Cycle --
Asexual Reproduction --
Sexual Reproduction --
3-6.Diversity Of Living Things --
3-7.Bacteria And Archaea --
Archaea --
Bacteria --
3-8.Protists --
Protozoa --
Algae --
Slime Molds and Water Molds --
3-9.Fungi --
Chytridiomycota --
Zygomycota --
Ascomycota --
Basidiomycota --
Deuteromyceta --
3-10.Viruses --
3-11.Microbial Disease --
3-12.Microbial Transformations --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
4.Materials and Energy Balances --
4-1.Introduction --
4-2.Unifying Theories --
Conservation of Matter --
Conservation of Energy --
Conservation of Matter and Energy --
4-3.Materials Balances --
Fundamentals --
Time as a Factor --
More Complex Systems --
Efficiency --
The State of Mixing --
Including Reactions and Loss Processes --
Reactors --
Reactor Analysis --
4-4.Energy Balances --
First Law of Thermodynamics --
Fundamentals --
Second Law of Thermodynamics --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
5.Ecosystems --
Case Study: DDT'Curse or Blessing? --
5-1.Introduction --
Ecosystems --
5-2.Human Influences On Ecosystems --
5-3.Energy And Mass Flow --
Bioaccumulation --
5-4.Nutrient Cycles --
Carbon Cycle --
Nitrogen Cycle --
Phosphorus Cycle --
Sulfur Cycle --
5-5.Population Dynamics --
Bacterial Population Growth --
Animal Population Dynamics --
Human Population Dynamics --
5-6.Lakes: An Example Of Mass And Energy Cycling In An Ecosystem --
Stratification and Turnover in Deep Lakes --
Biological Zones --
Lake Productivity --
Eutrophication --
5-7.Environmental Laws To Protect Ecosystems --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
6.Risk Perception, Assessment, and Management --
Case Study: No Swimming! --
6-1.Introduction --
6-2.Risk Perception --
6-3.Risk Assessment --
Data Collection and Evaluation --
Toxicity Assessment --
Exposure Assessment --
Risk Characterization --
6-4.Risk Management --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
7.Hydrology --
Case Study: The Dying of a Sea --
7-1.Fundamentals Of Hydrology --
The Hydrological Cycle --
7-2.Measurement Of Precipitation, Evaporation, Infiltration, And Streamflow --
Precipitation --
Evaporation --
Infiltration --
Streamflow --
7-3.Groundwater Hydrology --
Aquifers --
7-4.Groundwater Flow --
7-5.Well Hydraulics --
Definition of Terms --
Cone of Depression --
7-6.Surface Water And Groundwater --
As A Water Supply --
7-7.Depletion Of Groundwater And Surface Water --
Water Rights --
Water Use --
Land Subsidence --
7-8.Stormwater Management --
Low Impact Development --
Wet Weather Green Infrastructure --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
8.Sustainability --
Case Study: A New Precious Metal --
Copper! --
8-1.Introduction --
Sustainability --
The People Problem --
There Are No Living Dinosaurs --
Go Green --
8-2.Water Resources --
Water, Water, Everywhere --
Frequency from Probability Analysis --
Floods --
Droughts --
8-3.Energy Resources --
Fossil Fuel Reserves --
Nuclear Energy Resources --
Environmental Impacts --
Sustainable Energy Sources --
Green Engineering and Energy Conservation --
8-4.Mineral Resources --
Reserves --
Environmental Impacts --
Resource Conservation --
8-5.Soil Resources --
Energy Storage --
Plant Production --
8-6.Parameters Of Soil Sustainability --
Nutrient Cycling --
Soil Acidity --
Soil Salinity --
Texture and Structure --
8-7.Soil Conservation --
Soil Management --
Soil Erosion --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
9.Water Quality Management --
Case Study: There She Blows! --
9-1.Introduction --
9-2.Water Pollutants And Their Sources --
Point Sources --
Nonpoint Sources --
Oxygen-Demanding Material --
Nutrients --
Pathogenic Organisms --
Suspended Solids --
Salts --
Pesticides --
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products --
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals --
Other Organic Chemicals --
Arsenic --
Toxic Metals --
Heat --
Nanoparticles --
9-3.Water Quality Management In Rivers --
Effect of Oxygen-Demanding Wastes on Rivers --
Biochemical Oxygen Demand --
Laboratory Measurement of Biochemical Oxygen Demand --
Additional Notes on Biochemical Oxygen Demand --
Nitrogen Oxidation --
DO Sag Curve --
Effect of Nutrients on Water Quality in Rivers --
9-4.Water Quality Management In Lakes --
Control of Phosphorus in Lakes --
Acidification of Lakes --
9-5.Water Quality In Estuaries --
9-6.Water Quality In Oceans --
9-7.Groundwater Quality --
Contaminant Migration in Groundwaters --
9-8.Source Water Protection --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
10.Water Treatment --
Case Study: Walkerton --
The Town Where Kids Died from E. coli --
10-1.Introduction --
Water Quality --
Physical Characteristics --
Chemical Characteristics --
Microbiological Characteristics --
Radiological Characteristics --
U.S. Water Quality Standards --
Water Classification and Treatment Systems --
10-2.Rapid Mixing, Flocculation, And Coagulation --
Colloid Stability and Destabilization --
The Physics of Coagulation --
Coagulants --
Mixing and Flocculation --
10-3.Softening --
Hardness --
Lime --
Soda Softening --
Ion-Exchange Softening --
10-4.Sedimentation --
Overview --
Determination of Settling Velocity (vs) --
Determination of Overflow Rate (vo) --
10-5.Filtration --
10-6.Disinfection --
Disinfection Kinetics --
Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products --
Chlorine Reactions in Water --
Chloramines --
Chlorine Dioxide --
Ozonation --
Ultraviolet Radiation --
10-7.Other Treatment Processes For Drinking Water --
Membrane Processes --
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) --
Carbon Adsorption --
Aeration --
10-8.Water Plant Residuals Management --
Mass-Balance Analysis --
Sludge Treatment --
Ultimate Disposal --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
11.Wastewater Treatment --
Case Study: Cuyahoga River Burning --
11-1.Introduction --
Wastewater Treatment Perspective --
11-2.Characteristics Of Domestic Wastewater --
Physical Characteristics --
Chemical Characteristics --
Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater --
11-3.Wastewater Treatment Standards --
Pretreatment of Industrial Wastes --
11-4.On-Site Disposal Systems --
11-5.Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems --
1-6.Unit Operations Of Pretreatment --
Bar Racks --
Grit Chambers --
Macerators --
Equalization --
11-7.Primary Treatment --
11-8.Unit Processes Of Secondary Treatment --
Overview --
Role of Microorganisms --
Population Dynamics --
Activated Sludge --
Trickling Filters --
Oxidation Ponds --
Rotating Biological Contactors --
Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) --
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) --
11-9.Disinfection --
11-10.Tertiary Wastewater Treatment --
Filtration --
Carbon Adsorption --
Chemical Phosphorus Removal --
Biological Phosphorus Removal --
Nitrogen Control --
11-11.Land Treatment For Sustainability --
Slow Rate --
Overland Flow --
Rapid Infiltration --
Potential Adverse Affects --
11-12.Sludge Treatment --
Sources and Characteristics of Various Sludges --
Solids Computations --
Sludge Treatment Processes --
11-13.Sludge Disposal --
Ultimate Disposal --
Land Spreading --
Landfilling --
Dedicated Land Disposal (DLD) --
Utilization --
Sludge Disposal Regulations --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
12.Air Pollution --
Case Study: The Fog --
12-1.Introduction --
Air Pollution Perspective --
12-2.Fundamentals --
Pressure Relationships and Units of Measure --
Relativity --
Adiabatic Expansion and Compression --
12-3.Air Pollution Standards --
12-4.Effects Of Air Pollutants --
Effects on Materials --
Effects on Vegetation --
Effects on Health --
12-5.Origin And Fate Of Air Pollutants --
Carbon Monoxide Note continued: Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) --
Lead --
Nitrogen Dioxide --
Photochemical Oxidants --
Sulfur Oxides --
Particulates --
12-6.Micro And Macro Air Pollution --
Indoor Air Pollution --
Acid Rain --
Ozone Depletion --
Global Warming --
12-7.Air Pollution Meteorology --
The Atmospheric Engine --
Turbulence --
Stability --
Terrain Effects --
12-8.Atmospheric Dispersion --
Factors Affecting Dispersion of Air Pollutants --
Dispersion Modeling --
12-9.Indoor Air Quality Model --
12-10.Air Pollution Control Of Stationary Sources --
Gaseous Pollutants --
Flue Gas Desulfurization --
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides --
Particulate Pollutants --
Control Technologies for Mercury --
12-11.Air Pollution Control Of Mobile Sources --
Engine Fundamentals --
Control of Automobile Emissions --
12-12.Waste Minimization For Sustainability --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
13.Solid Waste Engineering --
Case Study: Too Much Waste, Too Little Space --
13-1.Introduction --
Magnitude of the Problem --
13-2.Characteristics Of Solid Waste --
13-3.Solid Waste Management --
13-4.Solid Waste Collection --
13-5.Waste As Resource --
Background and Perspective --
Green Chemistry and Green Engineering --
Recycling --
Composting --
Source Reduction --
13-6.Solid Waste Reduction --
Combustion Processes --
Types of Incinerators --
Public Health and Environmental Issues --
Other Thermal Treatment Processes --
13-7.Disposal By Sanitary Landfill --
Site Selection --
Operation --
Environmental Considerations --
Leachate --
Methane and Other Gas Production --
Landfill Design --
Landfill Closure --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
14.Hazardous Waste --
Management --
Case Study: Not a Good Time at the Beach --
14-1.Introduction --
Dioxins and PCBs --
14-2.Epa's Hazardous Waste Designation System --
14-3.Rcra And Hswa --
Congressional Actions on Hazardous Waste --
Cradle-to-Grave Concept --
Generator Requirements --
Transporter Regulations --
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Requirements --
Underground Storage Tanks --
14-4.Cercla And Sara --
The Superfund Law --
The National Priority List --
The Hazard Ranking System --
The National Contingency Plan --
Liability --
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act --
14-5.Hazardous Waste Management --
Waste Minimization --
Waste Exchange --
Recycling --
14-6.Treatment Technologies --
Biological Treatment --
Chemical Treatment --
Physical/Chemical Treatment --
Incineration --
Stabilization-Solidification --
14-7.Land Disposal --
Deep Well Injection --
Land Treatment --
The Secure Landfill --
14-8.Groundwater Contamination --
And Remediation --
The Process of Contamination --
EPA's Groundwater Remediation Procedure --
Mitigation and Treatment --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
15.Noise Pollution --
15-1.Introduction --
Properties of Sound Waves --
Sound Power and Intensity --
Levels and the Decibel --
Characterization of Noise --
15-2.Effects Of Noise On People --
The Hearing Mechanism --
Normal Hearing --
Hearing Impairment --
Damage-Risk Criteria --
Speech Interference --
Annoyance --
Sleep Interference --
Effects on Performance --
Acoustic Privacy --
15-3.Rating Systems --
Goals of a Noise-Rating System --
The Ln Concept --
The Leq Concept --
The Ldn Concept --
15-4.Community Noise Sources And Criteria --
Transportation Noise --
Other Internal Combustion Engines --
Construction Noise --
Zoning and Siting Considerations --
Levels to Protect Health and Welfare --
15-5.Transmission Of Sound Outdoors --
Inverse Square Law --
Radiation Fields of a Sound Source --
Directivity --
Airborne Transmission --
15-6.Traffic Noise Prediction --
Leq Prediction --
Ldn Prediction --
15-7.Noise Control --
Source-Path-Receiver Concept --
Control of Noise Source by Design --
Noise Control in the Transmission Path --
Control of Noise Source by Redress --
Protect the Receiver --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References --
16.Ionizing Radiation --
16-1.Fundamentals --
Atomic Structure --
Radioactivity and Radiation --
Radioactive Decay --
Radioisotopes --
Fission --
The Production of X-Rays --
Radiation Dose --
16-2.Biological Effects Of Ionizing Radiation --
Sequential Pattern of Biological Effects --
Determinants of Biological Effects --
Acute Effects --
Relation of Dose to Type of Acute Radiation Syndrome --
Delayed Effects --
Genetic Effects --
16-3.Radiation Standards --
16-4.Radiation Exposure --
External and Internal Radiation Hazards --
Natural Background --
X-Rays --
Radionuclides --
Nuclear Reactor Operations --
Radioactive Wastes --
16-5.Radiation Protection --
Reduction of External Radiation Hazards --
Reduction of Internal Radiation Hazards --
16-6.Radioactive Waste --
Types of Waste --
Management of High-Level Radioactive Waste --
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant --
Management of Low-Level Radioactive Waste --
Long-Term Management and Containment --
Chapter Review --
Problems --
Discussion Questions --
References.

Intended for a course in introductory environmental engineering for sophomore- or junior-level students, this title provides a background in fundamental science and engineering principles of environmental engineering for students who may or may not become environmental engineers.

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