CAD/CAM : computer-aided design and manufacturing / Mikell P. Groover, Emory W. Zimmers, Jr.

Includes bibliographies and index.

Preface 15 Introduction 23 CAD/CAM Defined, 23 The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM, 26 Automation and CAD/CAM, 28 1.2 1.3 1.4 Organization of This Book, 31 References, 33 part I COMPUTERS, THE FOUNDATION OF CAD/CAM 2 Computer Technology 35 Introduction, 35 Central Processing Unit (CPU), 37 Types of Memory, 40 2.2 2.3
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on Zr indinoandu Computer Programming Languages, 48 97 Operating the Computer System, 52 2.7 References, 54 2.5 Data Representation, 212 Problems, 55 3 Minicomputers, Microcomputers, and Programmable Controllers 99 Introduction, 56 Minicomputers, 59 Microcomputers, 62 Programmable Controllers, 67 References, 72 Problems, 73 3.2 3.4 II ved COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN 4 Fundamentals of CAD 75 Introduction, 75 The Design Process, 78 The Application of Computers for Design, 80 Creating the Manufacturing Data Base, 86 Benefits of Computer-Aided Design, 88 Some Examples, 93 References, 99 4,2 4.3 4.5 5 Hardware in Computer-Aided Design 101 I'S 5.2 The Design Workstation, 103 Introduction, 101 E'S The Graphics Terminal, 104 Operator Input Devices, III 55 Plotters and Other Output Devices, I17 LS References, 124 Problema 111 The Central Processing Unit, 121 Secondary Storage. 123
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Contents 6 Computer Graphics Software and Data Base 126 19 Introduction, 126 The Software Configuration of a Graphics System, 127 6.2 Functions of a Graphics Package, 129 Constructing the Geometry, 131 6.4 Transformations, 135 99 Data Base Structure and Content, 141 Wire-Frame versus Solid Modeling, 145 89 Other CAD Features and CAD/CAM Integration, 150 References, 151 Problems, 151 III ued NUMERICAL CONTROL, THE BEGINNINGS OF CAM 155 7 Conventional Numerical Control 155 Introduction, 155 Basic Components of an NC System, 157 7.2 EL The NC Procedure, 161 NC Coordinate Systems, 162 7.5 NC Motion Control Systems, 164 9'L Applications of Numerical Control, 167 Economics of Numerical Control, 170 7.7 Summary, 173 References, 173 8 NC Part Programming 175 18 Introduction, 175 8.2 The Punched Tupe in NC, 176 Tape Coding and Format, 177 Manual Part Programming. 179 Computer-Assisted Part Programming. 181 The APT Language, 187 The MACRO Statement in APT, 197 NC Programming with Interactive Graphics, 201 Voice NC Programming, 207 84 8.5 8.7 8.8 R.10 Manual Data Input, 208 References, 209 Problems, 210 Appendix: APT Word Definitions, 213
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Conter 9 Computer Controls in NC Intredcton 224 Poblems wih Comentional NC. 225 NC Controller Technokogy. 226 16 Computer Numerical Control. 22 Direct Numerical Control, 232 Combined DNC/CNC Systems, 238 Adaptive Control Machining Systems, 239 Trends and New Developments in NC, 246 References, 250 AI ed INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS 253 10 Robot Technology 101 Introduction, 253 102 Robor Physical Configurations, 254 10.3 Basic Robot Motions, 257 10.4 Other Technical Features, 260 10.5 Programming the Robot, 264 10.6 Robot Programming Languages, 266 107 End Effecton, 270 10.8 Work Cell Control and Interlocks, 271 10.9 Robotie Sensors, 274 References, 276 Problems, 277 11 Robot Applications ILI General Considerations in Robot Applications, 279 I1.2 Material Transfer, 281 I1J Machine Loading, 282 I1A Welding, 24 I13 Spray Coating. 288 I16 Processing Operations, 200 I17 Assembly. 291 ILA Inspections, 293 References 294 GROUP TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS PLANNING A Ved 12 Group Technology 297 121 Introduction, 297 12.2 Part Families, 298
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3. Contents 11 12.3 Parts Classification and Coding, 301 124 Three Parts Classification and Coding Systems, 303 125 Group Technology Machine Cells 311 12.6 Benefits of Group Technology. 315 References, 317 Problems, 318 13 Computer-Aided Process Planning 320 13.1 The Planning Function, 320 13.2 Retrieval-Type Process Planning Systems, 322 13.3 Generative Process Planning Systems, 324 13.4 Benefits of CAPP, 328 13.5 Machinability Data Systems, 328 13.6 Computer-Generated Time Standards, 335 References, 34I Problems, 342 COMPUTER-INTEGRATED PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS part VI 345 14 Production Planning and Control 345 14.1 Introduction, 345 14.2 Traditional Production Planning and Control, 346 14.3 Problems with Traditional Production Planning and Control, 349 14.4 Computer-Integrated Production Management System, 351 14.5 Cost Planning and Control, 353 References, 358 15 Inventory Management and MRP 15.1 Introduction, 359 15.2 Inventory Management, 360 15.3 Material Requirements Planning. 364 154 Basic MRP Concepts, 365 155 Inputs to MRP, 366 15.6 How MRP Works, 369 157 MRP Output Reporta, 373 158 Benefits of MRP, 373 159 MRP II Manufacturing Resource Planning, 374 References 376 Problems, 377
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Conter Cont 16 Shop Floor Control and Computer Process Monitoring 16I Introduction, 379 162 Functions of Shop Floor System, 380 163 The Shop Floor Control System. 382 164 Operation Scheduling, 385 165 The Factory Data Collection System, 390 16.6 Computer Process Monitoring. 396 References, 398 Problems, 399 part VII COMPUTER CONTROL 17 Computer-Process Interfacing 17.1 Introduction, 401 17.2 Manufacturing Process Data, 402 173 System Interpretation of Process Data, 403 17.4 Interface Hardware Devices, 405 175 Digital Input/Output Processing. 411 17.6 Hierarchical Computer Structures and Networking. 415 References, 418 Problems, 419 401 18 Computer Process Control 18.1 Introduction, 421 182 Structural Model of a Manufacturing Process, 422 183 Process Control Strategies, 424 18.4 Distributed Control versus Central Control, 430 18.5 Direct Digital Control, 434 18.6 Supervisory Computer Control, 436 References, 439 421 19 Computer-Aided Quality Control 19.1 Introduction, 440 192 Terminology in Quality Control, 442 193 The Computer in QC, 445 194 Contact Inspection Methods, 447 195 Noncontact Impection Methods Optical, 449 196 Noncontact Inspection Methods Nonoptical, 455 197 Computer-Aided Testing, 456 19.8 Integration of CAQC with CAD/CAM, 460
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Contents References, 461 20 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems 20.1 Introduction, 463 20.2 Types of Manufacturing Systems, 465 20.3 Machine Tools and Related Equipment, 469 20.4 Material Handling Systems, 471 20.5 Computer Control System, 475 20.6 Human Labor in the Manufacturing System, 478 20.7 CIMS Benefits, 480 References, 481 part VIII CAD/CAM IMPLEMENTATION 21 Implementing a CAD/CAM System 483 21.1 Introduction, 483 21.2 Turnkey CAD/CAM Systems, 485 21.3 Selection Criteria, 488 21.4 Evaluation of Alternative Systems, 492 References, 494 22 The Future of CAD/CAM 96 References, 499 Index 501

In this book, the authors examine interactive computer graphics and its use in designing industrial robots, computer control of manufacturing processes, computer-integrated production control, automated inspections, and flexible manufacturing systems. They also discuss the implementation of turnkey CAD/CAM systems.