Microelectronic circuits : Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith. theory and applications /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Preface


1. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS


Introduction


1.1. Signals


1.2. Frequency Spectrum of Signals


1.3. Analog and Digital Signals


1.4. Amplifiers


1.5. Circuit Models for Amplifiers


1.6. Frequency Response of Amplifiers


1.7. The Digital Logic Inverter


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


PART I: DEVICES AND BASIC CIRCUITS


2. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS


Introduction


2.1. The Op-Amp Terminals


2.2. The Ideal Op Amp


2.3. Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal Op Amps-- The Inverting Configuration


2.4. Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration


2.5. The Noninverting Configuration


2.6. Examples of Op-Amp Circuits


2.7. Effect of Finite Open-Loop Gain and Bandwidth on Circuit Performance


2.8. Large-Signal Operation of Op Amps


2.9. DC Imperfections


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


3. DIODES


Introduction


3.1. The Ideal Diode


3.2. Terminal Characteristics of Junction Diodes


3.3. Physical Operation of Diodes


3.4. Analysis of Diode Circuits


3.5. The Small-Signal Model and Its Application


3.6. Operation in the Reverse Breakdown Region--Zener Diodes


3.7. Recitifier Circuits


3.8. Limiting and Clamping Circuits


3.9. Special Diode Types


3.10. The SPICE Diode Model and Simulation Examples


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


4. BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS (BJTs)


Introduction


4.1. Physical Structure and Modes of Operation


4.2. Operation of the npn Transistor in the Active Mode


4.3. The pnp Transistor


4.4. Circuit Symbols and Conventions


4.5. Graphical Representation of Transistor Characteristics


4.6. Analysis of Transistor Circuits at DC


4.7. The Transistor as an Amplifier


4.8. Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Models


4.9. Graphical Analysis


4.10. Biasing the BJT for Discrete-Circuit Design


4.11. Basic Single-Stage BJT Amplifier Configuration


4.12. The Transistor as a Switch--Cutoff and Saturation


4.13. A General Large-Signal Model for the BJT: The Ebers-Moll (EM) Model


4.14. The Basic BJT Logic Inverter


4.15. Complete Static Characteristics, Internal Capacitances, and Second-Order Effects


4.16. The SPICE BJT Model and Simulation Examples


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


5. FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS (FETs)


Introduction


5.1. Structure and Physical Operation of the Enhancement-Type MOSFET


5.2. Current-Voltage Characteristics of the Enhancement MOSFET


5.3. The Deletion-Type MOSFET


5.4. MOSFET Circuits at DC


5.5. The MOSFET as an Amplifier


5.6. Biasing in MOS Amplifier Circuits


5.7. Basic Configurations of Single-Stage IC MOS Amplifiers


5.8. The CMOS Digital Logic Inverter


5.9. The MOSFET as an Analog Switch


5.10. The MOSFET Internal Capacitances and High-Frequency Model


5.11. The Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET)


5.12. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Devices--The MESFET


5.13. The SPICE MOSFET Model and Simulation Examples


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


PART II: ANALOG CIRCUITS


6. DIFFERENTIAL AND MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS


Introduction


6.1. The BJT Differential Pair


6.2. Small-Signal Operation of the BJT Differential Amplifier


6.3. Other Nonideal Characteristics of the Differential Amplifier


6.4. Biasing in BJT Integrated Circuits


6.5. The BJT Differential Amplifier with Active Load


6.6. MOS Differential Amplifiers


6.7. BiCMOS Amplifiers


6.8. GaAs Amplifiers


6.9. Multistage Amplifiers


6.10. SPICE Simulation Example


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


7. FREQUENCY RESPONSE


Introduction


7.1. s-Domain Analysis: Poles, Zeros, and Bode Plots


7.2. The Amplifier Transfer Function


7.3. Low-Frequency Response of the Common-Source and Common-Emitter Amplifiers


7.4. High-Frequency Response of the Common-Source and Common-Emitter Amplifiers


7.5. The Common-Base, Common-Gate, and Cascode Configurations


7.6. Frequency Response of the Emitter and Source Followers


7.7. The Common-Collector Common-Emitter Cascade


7.8. Frequency Response of the Differential Amplifier


7.9. SPICE Simulation Examples


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


8. FEEDBACK


Introduction


8.1. The General Feedback Structure


8.2. Some Properties of Negative Feedback


8.3. The Four Basic Feedback Topologies


8.4. The Series-Shunt Feedback Amplifier


8.5. The Series-Series Feedback Amplifier


8.6. The Shunt-Shunt and the Shunt-Series Feedback Amplifiers


8.7. Determining the Loop Gain


8.8. The Stability Problem


8.9. Effect of Feedback on the Amplifier Poles


8.10. Stability Study Using Bode Plots


8.11. Frequency Compensation


8.12. SPICE Simulation Examples


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


9. OUTPUT STAGES AND POWER AMPLIFIERS


Introduction


9.1. Classification of Output Stages


9.2. Class A Output Stage


9.3. Class B Output Stage


9.4. Class AB Output Stage


9.5. Biasing the Class AB Circuit


9.6. Power BJTs


9.7. Variations on the Class AB Configuration


9.8. IC Power Amplifiers


9.9. MOS Power Transistors


9.10. SPICE Simulation Example


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


10. ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS


Introduction


10.1. The 741 Op-Amp Circuit


10.2. DC Analysis of the 741


10.3. Small-Signal Analysis of the 741 Input Stage


10.4. Small-Signal Analysis of the 741 Second Stage


10.5. Analysis of the 741 Output Stage


10.6. Gain and Frequency Response of the 741


10.7. CMOS Op Amps


10.8. Alternative Configurations for CMOS and BiCMOS Op Amps


10.9. Data Converters--An Introduction


10.10. D/A Converter Circuits


10.11. A/D Converter Circuits


10.12. SPICE Simulation Example


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


11. FILTERS AND TUNED AMPLIFIERS


Introduction


11.1. Filter Transmission, Types, and Specification


11.2. The Filter Transfer Function


11.3. Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters


11.4. First-Order and Second-Order Filter Functions


11.5. The Second-Order LCR Resonator


11.6. Second-Order Active Filters Based on Inductor Replacement


11.7. Second-Order Active Filters Based on the Two-Integrator Loop Topology


11.8. Single-Amplifier Biquadratic Active Filters


11.9. Sensitivity


11.10. Switched-Capacitor Filters


11.11. Tuned Amplifiers


11.12. SPICE SImulation Examples


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


12. SIGNAL GENERATORS AND WAVEFORM-SHAPING CIRCUITS


Introduction


12.1. Basic Principles of Sinusoidal Oscillators


12.2. Op Amp-RC Oscillator Circuits


12.3. LC and Crystal Oscillators


12.4. Bistable Multivibrators


12.5. Generation of Square and Triangular Waveforms Using Astable Multivibrators


12.6. Generation of a Standardized Pulse--The Monostable Multivibrator


12.7. Integrated-Circuit Timers


12.8. Nonlinear Waveform-Shaping Circuits


12.9. Precision Rectifier Circuits


12.10. SPICE Simulation Examples


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


PART III: DIGITAL CIRCUITS


13. MOS DIGITAL CIRCUITS


Introduction


13.1. Digital Circuit Design: An Overview


13.2. Design and Performance Analysis of the CMOS Inverter


13.3. CMOS Logic-Gate Circuits


13.4. Pseudo-NMOS Logic Circuits


13.5. Pass-Transistor Logic Circuits


13.6. Dynamic Logic Circuits


13.7. Latches and Flip-Flops


13.8. Multivibrator Circuits


13.9. Semiconductor Memories: Types and Architectures


13.10. Random-Access Memory (RAM) Cells


13.11. Sense Amplifiers and Address Decoders


13.12. Read-Only Memory (ROM)


13.3. SPICE Simulation Example


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


14. BIPOLAR AND ADVANCED-TECHNOLOGY DIGITAL CIRCUITS


Introduction


14.1. Dynamic Operation of the BJT Switch


14.2. Early Forms of BJT Digital Circuits


14.3. Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL or T2L)


14.4. Characteristics of Standard TTL


14.5. TTL Families with Improved Performance


14.6. Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL)


14.7. BiCMOS Digital Circuits


14.8. Gallium-Arsenide Digital Circuits


14.9. SPICE Simulation Example


Summary


Bibliography


Problems


Appendixes


A.


B. Two-Port Network Parameters


C. An Introduction to SPICE


D. Input Files for the SPICE Examples


E. Some Useful Network Theorems


F. Single-Time-Constant Circuits


G. Determining the Parameter Values of the Hybrid-pi BJT Model


H. Standard Resistance Values and Unit Prefixes


I. Answers to Selected Problems


Index

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