TY - BOOK AU - Dambacher,P. TI - Digital terrestrial television broadcasting: designs, systems, and operation T2 - The comsoc guides to communications technologies SN - 9781118130537 U1 - 621.388 22 PY - 1998///. CY - Hoboken, New Jersey PB - John Wiley KW - Digital television KW - Television|xTransmitters and transmission. N1 - Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-229) and index.; Preface xiii -- 1 Basic Concepts of Digital Terrestrial Television Transmission System 1 -- 1.1 Introduction and Historic Review 1 -- 1.1.1 Birth and Development of Television Black-and-White TV Era 1 -- 1.1.2 Analog Color TV Era 2 -- 1.1.3 Digital TV Era 3 -- 1.2 Major International and Regional DTV Organizations 7 -- 1.2.1 International DTV Broadcasting Standards 7 -- 1.2.2 Related International and Regional Organizations 9 -- 1.3 Composition of DTV System 11 -- 1.3.1 Constitution of DTV System 11 -- 1.3.2 Functional Layers of DTV 14 -- 1.4 Compression Layer and Multiplexing Layer 19 -- 1.4.1 Image Format 19 -- 1.4.2 Compression Modes for DTV Signal 19 -- 1.4.3 MPEG-2 for Video Compression 20 -- 1.4.4 Intraframe Coding 21 -- 1.4.5 Interframe Coding Method 23 -- 1.4.6 Audio Compression 24 -- 1.4.7 MPEG-2 Coding 25 -- 1.4.8 MPEG-2 Multiplexing 26 -- 1.4.9 Transport Stream 26 -- 1.5 Current Deployment of DTTB Systems 29 -- 1.5.1 Developments of ATSC DVB-T and ISDB-T 30 -- 1.5.2 Development and Deployment of DTMB System 33 -- 1.5.3 Network Convergence with DTTB Systems 35 -- 1.6 Summary 37 -- References 37 -- 2 Channel Characteristics of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Systems 39 -- 2.1 Introduction 39 -- 2.2 Mathematical Models of Wireless Radio Channel 42 -- 2.2.1 Statistical Model of Channel Impulse Response 42 -- 2.2.2 Channel Impulse Response with Deterministic Parameters 44 -- 2.3 Property of Wireless Fading Channel Parameters 46 -- 2.3.1 Multipath Delay Spread and Frequency-Selective Fading 46 -- 2.3.2 Doppler Shift and Time-Selective Fading 50 -- 2.3.3 Time- and Frequency-Selective Fading of Wireless Radio Channel 54 -- 2.4 Commonly Used Statistical Models for Fading Channel 55 -- 2.4.1 Rayleigh Fading Model 55 -- 2.4.2 Ricean Fading Model 56 -- 2.5 DTTB Channel Model 58 -- 2.5.1 Typical DTTB Channel Model 58 -- 2.5.2 Single-Frequency Network of Channel Model for DTTB Systems 63 -- 2.6 Summary 67 -- References 68 -- 3 Channel Coding for DTTB System 69 -- 3.1 Channel Capacity and Shannon's Channel Coding Theorem 69 -- 3.2 Error Control and Classification of Channel Coding 73 -- 3.3 Linear Block Code 75 -- 3.3.1 Basic Concept of Linear Block Code 75 -- 3.3.2 BCH Code 78 -- 3.3.3 Reed - Solomon Code 79 -- 3.4 Convolutional Codes 80 -- 3.4.1 Construction and Description of Convolutional Codes 81 -- 3.4.2 Distance Property and Decoding of Convolutional Codes 84 -- 3.5 Interleaving 87 -- 3.5.1 Block Interleaving 87 -- 3.5.2 Convolutional Interleaving 88 -- 3.6 Concatenation Codes 89 -- 3.7 Parallel Codes 92 -- 3.7.1 Product Codes 92 -- 3.7.2 Turbo Codes and Iterative Decoding 94 -- 3.8 Trellis Coding and Modulation 100 -- 3.8.1 Mapping by Set Partition of TCM Codes 100 -- 3.8.2 Code Construction and Basic Principles of TCM Codes 101 -- 3.9 Low-Density Parity-Check Code 103 -- 3.9.1 Basic Concept of LDPC Codes 104 -- 3.9.2 Decoding Algorithms of LDPC Codes 106 -- 3.10 Channel Coding Adopted by Different DTV Broadcasting Standards 108 -- 3.11 Summary 110 -- References 110 -- 4 Modulation Technologies for DTTB System 113 -- 4.1 Introduction 113 - - 4.2 Digital Modulation 114 -- 4.2.1 Signal Space and Its Representation 114 -- 4.2.2 Typical Digital Modulations 117 -- 4.2.3 The Power Spectrum of Modulated Signal 124 -- 4.2.4 Demodulation and Performance Evaluation 129 -- 4.2.5 Variations of Digital Modulations 137 -- 4.3 Bit- Interleaved Coded Modulation 140 -- 4.3.1 BICM System Model 140 -- 4.3.2 BICM Design and Performance Evaluation 141 -- 4.3.3 BICM-ID System Model 144 -- 4.3.4 BICM-ID with Doping: Design and Performance Evaluation 145 -- 4.3.5 BICM-ID Design Based on EXIT Charts 146 -- 4.3.6 BICM-ID with LDPC Coding 147 -- 4.4 Multicarrier Modulation 148 -- 4.4.1 Principle of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 149 -- 4.4.2 Implementation of OFDMwith Discrete Fourier Transform 151 -- 4.4.3 Guard Interval and Cyclic Prefix of OFDM 152 -- 4.4.4 Frequency Domain Property 156 -- 4.4.5 General Comparison between OFDM and Single-Carrier Modulation System 157 -- 4.5 Design Considerations of DTTB Modulation 159 -- 4.5.1 Modulation Scheme Determination 159 -- 4.5.2 Modulation Schemes in Typical DTTB Standards 160 -- 4.6 Summary 160 - - References 161 -- 5 First-Generation DTTB Standards 163 5.1 General Introduction 163 -- 5.1.1 ATSC Standard 163 -- 5.1.2 DVB-T Standard 164 -- 5.1.3 ISDB-T Standard 164 -- 5.1.4 DTMB Standard 164 -- 5.2 Introduction to ATSC Standard 164 -- 5.2.1 Scrambler 166 -- 5.2.2 RS Encoding and Data Interleaving 167 -- 5.2.3 TCM Encoder and Interleaver 168 -- 5.2.4 Multiplexing 169 -- 5.2.5 Pilot Insertion and VSB Modulation 170 -- 5.3 Introduction to DVB-T Standard 171 -- 5.3.1 Channel Coding 173 -- 5.3.2 Modulation 176 -- 5.4 Introduction to ISDB-T Standard 180 -- 5.4.1 Multiplexing 184 -- 5.4.2 Channel Coding 185 -- 5.4.3 Constellation Mapping and Modulation 186 -- 5.4.4 TMCC Information 194 -- 5.5 Introduction to DTMB Standard 195 -- 5.5.1 Major System Parameters 197 -- 5.5.2 Input Data Format 198 -- 5.5.3 Scrambler 198 -- 5.5.4 FEC Coding 198 -- 5.5.5 Constellation Mapping 201 -- 5.5.6 Interleaving 203 -- 5.5.7 System Information 205 -- 5.5.8 Signal Frame Structure 206 -- 5.5.9 Frame Header (FH) 207 -- 5.5.10 Frame Body Data Processing 209 -- 5.5.11 Baseband Signal Post Processing 210 -- 5.5.12 RF Output Interface 210 -- 5.5.13 System Payload Data Throughput 213 -- 5.6 Summary 213 -- References 213 -- 6 Second- Generation DTTB Standards 215 -- 6.1 Introduction to Second-Generation Digital Video Broadcasting 215 -- 6.1.1 System Structure 217 -- 6.1.2 Input Processing 217 -- 6.1.3 Bit-Interleaved Coding and Modulation 220 -- 6.1.4 Frame Builder 226 -- 6.1.5 OFDM Symbol Generation 228 -- 6.2 Introduction to DTMB-A System 235 -- 6.2.1 System Architecture 235 -- 6.2.2 Interface and Data Preprocessing 236 -- 6.2.3 Scrambling Interleaving and Modulation 238 -- 6.2.4 Superframe Structure 245 -- 6.2.5 Signal Frame 247 - - 6.2.6 Synchronization Channel 248 -- 6.2.7 Transmit Diversity 251 -- 6.2.8 Baseband Postprocessing 252 -- 6.2.9 RF Signal 252 -- 6.2.10 Baseband Signal Spectrum Characteristics and Spectrum Mask 252 -- 6.2.11 System Payload Data Rate 253 -- 6.3 Summary 254 -- References 254 -- 7 Design and Implementation of DTV Receiver 255 -- 7.1 Introduction 255 -- 7.2 Mathematical Principles 259 -- 7.2.1 Channel Synchronization 259 -- 7.2.2 Channel Estimation 262 -- 7.3 Single-Carrier Systems 269 -- 7.3.1 Timing Synchronization 269 -- 7.3.2 Carrier Synchronization 272 -- 7.3.3 Channel Estimation and Equalization 276 -- 7.4 Multicarrier Systems 280 -- 7.4.1 Timing Synchronization 280 -- 7.4.2 Carrier Synchronization 280 -- 7.4.3 Channel Estimation/ Equalization for OFDM System 285 -- 7.5 Introduction to DTMB Inner Receiver 288 -- 7.5.1 Frame Synchronization 289 -- 7.5.2 Carrier Synchronization 291 -- 7.5.3 Channel Estimation and Equalization 292 -- 7.6 Summary 297 -- References 297 -- 8 Network Planning for DTTB Systems 299 -- 8.1 Introduction 299 -- 8.2 Basic Concepts 300 -- 8.2.1 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 300 -- 8.2.2 Minimal Field Strength 300 -- 8.2.3 Cliff Effect 301 -- 8.2.4 Location Coverage Probability 301 -- 8.2.5 Protection Ratio 302 -- 8.3 Analog and Digital TV Broadcasting 303 -- 8.3.1 Comparison between Analog and Digital Transmissions 303 -- 8.3.2 Frequency Planning for Terrestrial Broadcasting 303 -- 8.3.3 Simulcast of Digital and Analog TV 304 -- 8.3.4 Frequency Utilization of Terrestrial Broadcasting 305 -- 8.4 Multiple-Frequency and Single-Frequency Networks 306 - - 8.4.1 Introduction to MFN 306 -- 8.4.2 Introduction to SFN 307 -- 8.4.3 Classification of SFNs 308 -- 8.4.4 Interference Analysis of SFN 309 -- 8.4.5 Synchronization in SFN 310 -- 8.4.6 Network Gain in SFN 312 -- 8.4.7 Application of SFN 314 -- 8.5 Transmission System of DTTB 314 -- 8.5.1 DTTB Transmitter System 316 -- 8.5.2 DTTB Exciter 318 -- 8.5.3 Power Amplifier 321 -- 8.5.4 Multiplexer 322 -- 8.5.5 Transmitting Antenna 325 -- 8.6 Signal Reception of DTTB 327 -- 8.6.1 Main Impact Factors of Physical DTTB Channel 327 -- 8.6.2 Fixed Reception 328 -- 8.6.3 Portable Reception 328 -- 8.6.4 Mobile Reception 329 -- 8.7 Diversity Techniques 329 -- 8.7.1 Various Diversity Schemes 329 -- 8.7.2 Design Principles of Diversity Schemes for DTTB System 330 -- 8.7.3 Transmit Diversity Technique 331 -- 8.7.4 Receiving Diversity 337 - - 8.8 Summary 343 -- References 343 -- 9 Performance Measurement on DTTB Systems 345 -- 9.1 Introduction 345 -- 9.2 Measurement Description 345 -- 9.2.1 BER Measurement and Decision Threshold 346 -- 9.2.2 C/N Measurement 350 -- 9.2.3 Input Signal Level to the Receiver 351 -- 9.2.4 Interface Parameters 351 -- 9.2.5 Multipath Models 351 -- 9.2.6 Laboratory Test 351 -- 9.3 Laboratory Test Plan Using DTMB System as Example 354 -- 9.3.1 Laboratory Test Platform 354 -- 9.3.2 Interface Setup of Test Platform 355 -- 9.3.3 C/N Threshold under Gaussian Channel 355 -- 9.3.4 Minimum Reception Level in Gaussian Channel 357 -- 9.3.5 Maximum Reception Level 359 -- 9.3.6 C/N Threshold in Ricean Channel 360 -- 9.3.7 C/N Threshold in Rayleigh Channel 361 -- 9.3.8 Maximum Doppler Frequency Shift in Dynamic Multipath Channel 362 -- 9.3.9 Maximum Delay Spread in Two-Path Channel with 0-dB Echo 364 -- 9.3.10 C/ N Threshold in Two-Path Channel with 0-dB Echo 365 -- 9.3.11 Maximum Pulse Width of Impulse Noise Interference 366 -- 9.3.12 C/I Measurement with Cochannel and Adjacent- Channel Analog TV Signal Interference 368 -- 9.3.13 C/I Measurement with Cochannel and Adjacent-Channel DTV Signal Interference 371 -- 9.3.14 C/I Measurement with Single- Tone Interference 372 -- 9.3.15 Antiphase Noise Measurement 375 -- 9.4 Field Test Plan 376 -- 9.4.1 Field Test 376 -- 9.4.2 Objectives of Field Test 377 -- 9.4.3 Testing Signal 379 -- 9.4.4 Antenna 379 -- 9.4.5 Measurement Time 380 -- 9.4.6 Channel Characteristic Recoding 381 -- 9.4.7 Test Location 381 -- 9.4.8 Test Calibration 381 -- 9.4.9 Records and Documents 381 -- 9.4.10 Test: Instruments and Auxiliary Equipment 382 -- 9.4.11 Coverage Test Procedure 383 -- 9.4.12 Service Test Procedures 386 -- 9.4.13 Measurement Guideline of Field Test for DTTB System 389 -- 9.4.14 Field Test Platform 390 -- 9.4.15 Procedure for Fixed Reception Test 390 -- 9.4.16 Mobile Test 391 -- 9.5 Summary 392 -- References 392 -- 10 Digital Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting Systems 393 -- 10.1 Introduction 393 -- 10.2 DVB-H System 395 -- 10.2.1 Block Diagram of DVB-H System 396 -- 10.2.2 Technical Features of DVB-H System 397 -- 10.3 ATSC-M/H System 402 -- 10.3.1 Frame Structure of ATSC-M/H System 403 -- 10.3.2 ATSC-M/H System Block Diagram 403 -- 10.3.3 Frame Encoding of ATSC- M/H System 405 -- 10.3.4 Block Processor of ATSC-M/H System 406 -- 10.3.5 ATSC-M/H Trellis Encoder 406 -- 10.4 CMMB System 408 -- 10.4.1 Frame Structure of CMMB System 408 -- 10.4.2 Channel Coding of CMMB System 408 -- 10.4.3 CMMB Byte Interleaving 409 -- 10.4.4 Modulation Scheme of CMMB System 411 -- 10.4.5 Payload Data Rate of CMMB System 411 -- 10.5 DVB-NGH 413 -- 10.5.1 Alamouti Scheme 415 -- 10.5.2 eSFN Scheme 416 -- 10.5.3 eSM-PH Scheme 419 -- 10.5.4 Hybrid System 422 -- 10.6 Summary 424 -- References 426 -- Index 427. 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