TY  - BOOK
AU  - Abulfadl,Yasmin Saad
AU  - Ahmed,Amany AIi Eissa
AU  - Badary,Osama Ahmed
AU  - EI-Maraghy,Nabila Nour Eldin
TI  - Effects of Thymoquinone on Behavioral and Biological Alterations in an Experimental Rat Model of Alzheimer Disease
U1  - 615.19 22
PY  - 2018///]
KW  - Drug development
KW  - Abbreviations
KW  - Acronyms
KW  - Pharmaceutical industry
KW  - Drug Design
KW  - Handbooks
KW  - Drug Industry
KW  - Pharmaceutical Preparations
N1  - Thesis (PH.D.)- Ain Shams University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department,2018; Includes bibliographic references (p. 194 - 241)

N2  -  
neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on Alzheimer 
disease (AD) pathogenesis by comparing the effect of three 
different doses of(TQ) (10, 20,.40mg/kg) on AD rat model and on 
normal animals. The study was further extended to illuminate the 
mechanistic pathways influenced by TQ treatment. 
AD experimental model was established in Sprague Dawley 
male albino rats by intraperitoneal injection of both D-galactose 
(D-gal) (60mg/kg) and aluminum chloride (AICI3) (lOmg/kg) for 
42 days. After injection of D-gal and AICl3 for 28 days, the rats 
were treated concomitantly with PO administration of TQ at 10, 
20, 40 mg/kg/day doses levels once daily for consecutive 14 days 
respectively. 
Behavioral responses of animals were assessed in a Morris 
water maze and passive avoidance tests. At the end of this period 
all rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. 
Brains were carefully excised and divided sagittally. The left 
hemibrains were immediately fixed in 4% PF A for histology and 
immunohistochemistry. The right hemibrains were homogenized 
for analyzing of biochemical changes by assessing oxidative stress 
biomarkers such as nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde 
(MDA), anti-oxidant biomarkers such as total antioxidant capacity 
(T AC) and superoxide dismutase, antiapoptotic biomarker such as 
beta cel1 lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), the specific proinflammatory 
cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a.) and interleukin- 
1 beta (lL-l~) and brain cholinergic biomarkers, such as 
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as assessment of brain 
derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Then the study was further 
extended to investigate the mechanistic pathways influenced by 
TQ treatment by studying and understanding the key signal
ER  -