TY - BOOK AU - Sun,Xiaozhen TI - Common well control hazards: practical well control handbook : identification of hidden dangers in on-site well control equipments and remedies SN - 9780123970305 (alk. paper) AV - TN871.215 .S86 2013 U1 - 622.230289 23 PY - 2013/// CY - Waltham, MA PB - Gulf Professional Pub. KW - Oil wells KW - Blowouts KW - Prevention KW - Handbooks, manuals, etc KW - Gas wells KW - Oil fields KW - Safety measures N1 - Includes bibliographical references and index; Machine generated contents note: 1. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies of Blowout Preventer (BOP) Installation -- 1. Blowout Preventer Installation -- Hidden danger: The BOP's side holes face the drawworks -- Hidden danger: The pipe-ram BOP is above the blind-ram BOP -- Hidden danger: When the bell nipple is installed at the top of the -- BOP, unused thread holes are not blinded -- 2. BOP Manual Lever Installation -- Hidden danger: Manual levers are not completely installed for BOPs with manual lock devices -- Hidden danger: The manual lever and locking shaft are not firmly connected -- Hidden danger: A cardan joint is not used for the connection of the manual lever and locking shaft -- Hidden danger: There is a barrier obstructing the manual lever turning scope -- Hidden danger: There is a barrier on the route of the manual lever or hand wheel -- Hidden danger: The manual lever does not connect outside of the derrick substructure -- Hidden danger: The offset angle between the manual lever and the BOP manual locking shaft center line is over 30° -- Hidden danger: There is no operating platform at the manual lever hand wheel or the operating platform is too high from the hand wheel -- Hidden danger: The manual lever hand wheel operating platform is too small, or it lacks a guardrail or handrail -- Hidden danger: The manual hand wheel is without an outer circle -- Defect: The manual hand wheels are vertically arranged or the heights of the hand wheels from the operating platform are inconsistent -- Defects: The manual lever support is not solid enough at the hand wheel side; too large degree of freedom -- Hidden danger: The signboard on the manual lever hand wheel does not identify the specific switch circles (loops/circles/laps) number -- Defect: The hand wheel is without an automatic counting device -- Hidden danger: Rotating a quarter- to a half-circle backward after being manually shut-in or locked in place -- 3. BOP Stack Fixation -- Hidden danger: Guy/anchor lines overhang the lower part of the BOP or around the body -- Hidden danger: The guy line and BOP are not anchored -- Hidden danger: Fasten the anchor line without a steamboat ratchet or using a chain fall -- Hidden danger: The guy line diameter is less than 16mm -- Hidden danger: Guy lines are not laid along a diagonal line of the derrick substructure -- Hidden danger: Fasten guy lines (prop) to coping bolts of the annular preventer, side door bolts, or flange bolts -- Hidden danger: Guy lines are fixed upward or horizontally -- Hidden danger: The guy lines knot up when used without rope clamps, when rope clamps are fastened reversely, or when the clamp interval is not standard -- Defect: Fasten BOP stack by props -- Defect: The wire rope winds around the BOP's attachment flange -- 4. Mud Fender and Others -- Hidden danger: The mud fender is horizontal or umbrella-shaped -- Hidden danger: The area of the mud umbrella is too small -- Hidden danger: The BOP is wrapped with a plastic cloth instead of using a mud umbrella -- Hidden danger: The rectangular well (cellar) lacks an operation platform -- 2. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies for Blowout Preventers (BOPs) -- 1. Installation of Hydraulic Pipe -- Defect: The hydraulic hose and BOP are connected with the straight sub -- Hidden danger: Failure to seal the hydraulic hose sub -- Hidden danger: The hydraulic line is buried, on the ground directly, or compressed by vehicles -- Hidden danger: The distance between the hydraulic piping and also flow line is less than 1m -- Defect: The distance between pipes of the double-deck pipe row rack is too close -- Defect: The baffle of the pipe row rack is fixed with bolts -- Defect: There is no measure to prevent oil pollution at hydraulic unions -- 2. Remote Console -- Hidden danger: The position-limited device is used in the reversing valve of the pipe-ram BOP -- Hidden danger: The position-restricted device is used in the blind-ram BOP -- Defect: The position-restricted device is used in the reversing valve of the blind-shear-ram BOP -- Hidden danger: Hydraulic pipe in the remote console leaks oil -- Hidden danger: The oil atomizer or water-gas separator in the remote console is installed on an incline -- Hidden danger: There is too much or not enough oil in the remote console -- Defect: The turning direction of the control valves of the remote console and the driller's BOP control console comply with the working condition of the BOP -- Defect: Only the assistant driller is allowed to operate in the remote console -- 3. Arrangement of Remote Console -- Hidden danger: The open road's width around the remote console is less than 2 m -- Hidden danger: The remote console is less than 25m from the wellhead -- Hidden danger: Flammable or explosive objects like oil tanks are within 10m of the remote console -- Hidden danger: The remote console is located in front of the derrick floor -- Defect: The door orientations of the remote console protection house are not identical -- 4. BOP Driller's Console -- Hidden danger: The shear-ram BOP can be controlled remotely on the driller's console -- Hidden danger: The reversing valve of the blind-ram BOP is not installed with a safety baffle that prevents accidental operation -- Hidden danger: There is no BOP/gear break-proof safety device for the rig brake (drill rig break-proof device) -- 3. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies of Choke Lines -- 1. Gate Valve of CHOKE Lines -- Hidden danger: The No. 3 gate valve is a hydraulic valve -- Hidden danger: The No. 3 manual valve is normally closed -- Hidden danger: An obstacle at the valve's hand wheel obstructs the turning of the hand wheel -- Hidden danger: A gate doesn't have a hand wheel -- Hidden danger: The hand wheel faces toward the drawworks -- 2. Relief Pipe -- Hidden danger: The choke line length surpasses 7m and is not fixed -- Defect: The choke lines can only use a hard-line pipeline -- Defect: The choke lines uses a threaded flange -- 4. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies for Choke and Kill Manifolds -- 1. Throttle and Well Killing Manifolds -- Hidden danger: Obstacles hinder the choke manifold gate valve hand wheel rotation -- Defect: The choke and kill manifolds five-way pressure gauge control valve does not indicate the on-off state with a hanging plate -- Hidden danger: The choke and kill manifolds do not have a pier base or the foundation is not firm -- Defect: The throttle and well killing manifolds do not use an adjustable height pier base -- Defect: The valve's on-off state is not legible on the nameplate -- 2. Pressure Gauge -- Hidden danger: Throttle and well killing manifolds are without a low-range pressure gauge -- Defect: The throttle and well killing manifold high-pressure gauge's range does not match the rated pressure -- Hidden danger: The pressure gauge is installed either tilted or inverted -- Defect: The back of the pressure gauge dial is to the operator of the manual choke valve -- 5. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies for Drilling Fluid Recovery Pipeline -- 1. Drilling Fluid Recovery Line -- Hidden danger: The drilling fluid recovery pipeline's bent sub angle is less than 120° -- Hidden danger: The drilling fluid bent sub is not made of cast steel -- Hidden danger: The drilling fluid recovery pipeline is connected by a union or flange with an asbestos sealing pad -- Hidden danger: The flanged surface of the drilling fluid recovery pipeline is not parallel -- Hidden danger: The bent sub of the drilling fluid recovery pipeline lies in the air -- Defect: Hard pipeline is used as the drilling fluid recovery pipeline -- Hidden danger: The drilling fluid recovery pipeline goes into another tank behind the degasser -- 2. Fixing the Drilling Fluid Recovery Pipeline -- Hidden danger: The corner of the drilling fluid recovery pipeline is not fixed -- Hidden danger: The middle section of the over-length drilling fluid recovery pipeline is not fixed -- Hidden danger: The outlet of the drilling fluid recovery pipeline is not fastened -- Hidden danger: The outlet fixing point of the drilling fluid recovery pipeline is filled by a piece of wood -- 6. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies of Relief Pipe Installation -- 1. Relief Pipe -- Hidden danger: The length of the relief pipe is shorter than the stipulated length of the oil field -- Defect: The relief pipe outlet is higher than the inlet -- Hidden danger: Other devices are next to the relief pipe outlet -- Hidden danger: The relief pipe doesn't have a pipe bridge or the pipe bridge is unable to protect the relief pipe from being run over -- Defect: The drill pipe is used as the relief pipe -- Hidden danger: The interface/sub thread of the relief pipe was not well fastened -- Hidden danger: Relief pipe is installed through the drilling mud waste pit -- Hidden danger: The target side of the 90° buffer bent sub filled with lead faces the relief pipe outlet -- 2. Fixing the Relief Pipe -- Hidden danger: The fixing point distance is over 15m -- Hidden danger: The turnings of the relief pipe are not fixed or are fixed too far from the bent sub -- Hidden danger: The fixing of the relief pipe is not firm enough -- Hidden danger: Material leaks from the fill-in pier base -- Hidden dangers: The exit port fixed point of the relief line is too far from the exit; the exit port of the pipeline uses just one fixed footing/pier base -- Defect: The fixed footing is laid on the ground -- Defect: A welded fixed plate/gland is used -- 7. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies of Inside Blowout Preventers (IBOPs) -- 1. Cocks -- Hidden danger: The cock is often closed or opened halfway. Note continued: Hidden danger: There are no marks for on-off or for the open hole position, or the marks are vague -- Hidden danger: The specification of the cock spanner is not consistent -- Hidden danger: The cock handle blocks the water course -- 2. Drill String Check Valve -- Hidden danger: The drill string check valve lacks an open device -- Hidden danger: The water course of the check valve opening device is blocked -- 3. Other Hidden Dangers -- Defect: The top of the drill collar lift sub has no box thread -- Defect: To avoid making a round trip with the drill collar, the BOP single is placed into a mouse hole or leaned against the ramp -- Defect: The rig substructure height is more than 9m while using a conventional BOP single -- 8. Liquid-Gas Separator Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies -- 1. Safety Valve -- Hidden danger: The liquid-gas separator has no safety valve -- Hidden danger: The safety valve is connected with a slender and curved discharge tube -- Hidden danger: The safety valve discharge points to the wellhead or tank area -- 2. Pressure Gauge -- Defect: The pressure gauge installed at the top of the separator is not convenient to observe -- Hidden danger: The pressure gauge is installed in the liquid-gas separator pipe -- 3. Liquid-Feed Pipe -- Hidden danger: The liquid-feed hard pipe is welded on site -- Hidden danger: The liquid-in pipe is connected with a union -- Hidden danger: A flange with an asbestos seal ring is used in the liquid-in pipe -- Hidden danger: The inlet pipe is not fixed -- 4. Liquid Diversion Pipe -- Hidden danger: The height of the liquid level of the separator is used with a butterfly/disc valve -- Defect: The outlet is lower than the inlet of the liquid discharge pipe -- Hidden danger: The separator liquid (fluid outlet) is close to or more than half the height of the body of the separator -- Defect: The pipe outlet is placed in the conical tank -- Hidden danger: There is a liquid outlet near the bottom of the buffer tank -- Defect: A hard-line pipe is used in the discharge pipe -- 5. Gas Relief Pipe -- Hidden danger: The gas relief pipe diameter is less than the design diameter -- Hidden danger: The gas relief outlet is too close to the logging housing -- Hidden danger: The gas relief pipe emits gas at the wellhead -- 6. Separator -- Hidden danger: The separator is not fixed or not firmly fixed -- Hidden danger: A fixed basket guy line screw is used -- Hidden danger: The guy line is not used with rope clamps, the number of rope clamps is less than three, or the rope clamps are fixed reversely -- Hidden danger: The guy line and separator are not anchored -- 9. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies of Vacuum Degassers -- 1. Vacuum Degasser -- Hidden danger: The degasser is not connected with a flare line pipe, fir the relief pipe is not connected at least 15 m beyond the tank area -- Hidden danger: Reduced diameter or a bent relief pipe of the degasser blocks the passage of gas -- Hidden danger: The relief pipe is upright, discharging gases above the tank area -- Hidden danger: The degasser is installed on the suction tank of the mud pump -- Hidden danger: The inlet and outlet of the degasser are both in the some tank -- Hidden danger: The degasser is installed on the tank before the mud recovery line outlet -- 10. Common Hidden Dangers and Remedies for Fireproofing, Explosion-proofing, and Preventing Hydrogen Sulfide -- 1. Safety Measures of Fireproofing -- Hidden danger: Fire extinguishers are placed in the outdoor open air -- Hidden danger: Different types of powder fire extinguishers are used at the same time -- Defect: The crew is equipped only with BC powder fire extinguishers -- Hidden danger: The fire extinguisher exceeds its expiration date -- Hidden danger: The site is not equipped with enough fire extinguishers -- Hidden danger: Extinguishers are not maintained and checked regularly -- Defect: The fire controlling pump is laid manually in the fire controlling house -- 2. Explosion-proof Safety Measures -- Hidden danger: There are non-explosion-proof electric devices within 30m of the wellhead -- Hidden danger: The bolts on the shell of the explosion-proof electric devices don't screw lightly -- Defect: Explosion-proof electric devices are used beyond the explosion-proof area -- Hidden danger: The gas relief pipe of the diesel engine has no cooling and spark-eliminating devices -- Defect: The diesel engine's cooling and spark-eliminating devices increase power loss -- Hidden danger: The gas relief pipe of the diesel engine is toward the wellhead or circulating tank area -- Hidden danger: The boiler house is located downwind -- Hidden danger: The distance between the oil tank and generating house is less than 20 m -- 3. Safety Measures of Preventing Hydrogen Sulfide -- Hidden danger: There is too great a distance between the hydrogen sulfide monitor and the monitoring level -- Hidden danger: The non-explosion-proof alarming controller of hydrogen sulfide is put in the explosion-proof area -- Hidden danger: The hydrogen sulfide sign tag doesn't provide the status of the well site -- Defect: A warning sign is hung in a well site without hydrogen sulfide -- Defect: The facilities room contains all positive pressure respirators -- Hidden danger: There is no breath air compressor -- 11. Other Well Control Hidden Dangers and Remedies -- 1. Well Control Device -- Hidden danger: The bolt is shorter on one side of the flange connection -- Hidden danger: There are different standards for flange connection bolts -- Hidden danger: Field welding the blowout preventer choke/kill line and flow line pipe, drilling fluid recovery pipe, and fluid feed pipe for the gas-fluid separator -- Hidden danger: There is no cutoff valve for the manifold pressure gauge -- Hidden danger: The fingers of the pressure gauge fall off or cannot return to zero -- Defect: The well control devices were not painted with a warning color (e.g., red) -- 2. Shut-in Warning Signs -- Defect: The names of these warning signs have pitfalls -- Defect: No recommended value of allowable shut-in casings corresponds with different fluid densities -- Defect: The warning signboards are located away from the manual choke valve -- 3. Liquid Level Alarm Device -- Defect: The mechanical liquid level ruler is measured in centimeters -- Hidden danger: The scale on the mechanical liquid level ruler was not rounded to times of stere -- Hidden danger: The drilling fluid tank in circulation does not have a fluid level ruler -- Hidden danger: The mechanical liquid level ruler is not flexible -- Defect: The fluid level alarm device causes a false alarm -- Defect: Use the ruler to measure the fluid level -- Hidden danger: The fluid level ruler is installed on the wall of the tank -- 4. Warning Bugle on Derrick Floor -- Hidden danger: Using an automatic reset pneumatic bugle button -- Hidden danger: The bugle is not loud enough -- 5. Common Defects and Remedies of BOP Drills -- Hidden danger: During the BOP drill, the flat valve stays closed after turning off the throttling valve -- Hidden danger: Using hand gestures to transfer signals during the BOP drill -- 6. Other Hidden Dangers and Remedies -- Hidden danger: The records on duty are not easy to calculate the variation of drilling fluid or there are some irrelevant parameters -- Hidden danger: The pressure gauge is installed horizontally -- 12. Exercise: Identifying Hidden Dangers -- 1. Pictures of Hidden Dangers or Defects -- 2. Answers ER -