TY - BOOK AU - Johar,Kirpa TI - Fundamentals of Laser Dentistry SN - 9789350253779 U1 - 617.605 22 PY - 2011///] CY - New Delhi, India PB - Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers KW - Lasers in dentistry N1 - Includes bibliographical references (pages[145]-148) and index; 1. Basic Physics and Concepts of Lasers used in Dentistry • Properties of Light • Function of Laser Involving Optical Concepts – Interaction Between Light and Matter – Basic Scheme of a Laser – Population Inversion – Gaussian Beam and Laser Resonator – Beam Delivery System – Emission Modes • Laser Tissue Interaction – Effects of Temperature on Target Tissue • Laser Media – Gas Lasers – Dye Lasers – Semi-conductor—Diode Lasers – Solid-state Lasers • Pumping Methods and Schemes • Laser Concepts – Excimer Laser – Dye Lasers – Argon Ion Laser – CO2 Laser – Semi-conductor Lasers/Diode Lasers – Solid State Laser 2. Laser Safety – Reasons for Laser Safety Education – Maximum Permissible Exposure • Classification of Light – Wavelengths and their Penetration Depth – Effect of Laser Beam on the Eye – Impacts on Skin • Laser Classes – Class 1 – Class 1M – Class 2 – Class 2M – Class 3A – Class 3B – New Class 3R – Class 4 • Secondary Hazards – Common Hazards – Specific Hazards • Protective Measures – Laser Protective Eyewear – Labeling – Directions • Organizational Protective Arrangements – Nomination of a Laser Safety Officer (LSO) – Duties and Responsibilities of Laser Safety Officer • Evaluation 3. Lasers in Preventive Dentistry • Conventional Treatment Methods • Laser Application in Preventive Dentistry – Light Interaction with Dental Hard Tissues – Scattering and Absorption Parameters; Mechanism of Laser Irradiation and Improved Caries Resistance — Changes in Enamel Composition — Creation of Microsive or Micropore System Effect of CO, Lasers on Caries Prevention — Surface Characteristics — Combined with Fluoride Treatment — Clinical Application Effect of Argon Lasers — Mechanism of Action Effect of Nd:YAG Lasers — Combined with Fluoride Treatment — Clinical Application Effect of Er: YAG, Er, Cr:YSGG, Ho:YAG and UV Lasers 4, Lasers in Operative Dentistry — Development of the Laser-assisted Cavity Preparation Conventional Methods — Rotary Instruments — Kinetic Cavity Preparation—KCP — Cavity Preparation Using Lasers Laser Supported Cavity Preparation — Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG Lasers — Surface Characteristics of Laser-prepared Cavities — Adhesion and Margin Seal of Laser Prepared Cavities Mechanisms of Ablation — Mechanism of Absorption of Light in the 3 pm Range by Water — Physical Factors Influencing Ablation Efficiency and Quality — Criteria for Optimized Laser Systems in Hard Tissue Ablation Ablation with Low Collateral Damage — Ablation by Ultrashort Laser Pulses — from Thermal Ablation to Plasma Mediated Ablation Other Types of Laser — CO, Laser — Nd:YAG Laser — Ho:YAG Laser Practical Procedure in Laser-assisted Cavity Preparation — Application of the Rubber Dam — Display of the Cavity — Removal of Caries — Finishing and Restoration of the Cavity Choice of Parameters 5. Photo Polymerization — Composition of Light Cured Filling Materials Photo Polymerization Reaction Laser Photo Polymerization versus Traditional Methods — Improved Clinical Performance of Laser Cured Materials Factors Associated with Photo Polymerization Clinical Procedure of Photo Polymerization by an Argon Laser 6. Dentin Hypersensitivity — Causes — Theories of Dentin Hypersensitivity — Natural Pulpal Defense Mechanisms Conventional Treatment Methods — Common Agents Laser Application in Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity — Lower Output Power Lasers CQO, Laser — Direct Method — Indirect Method Clinical Procedure — Initial Diagnosis and Evaluation 7. Laser-assisted Cosmetic Dentistry Causes of Tooth Discoloration — Extrinsic discolorations — Several Kinds of Extrinsic Discolorations; — Intrinsic Discolorations — Discolorations in the Formative Phase Treatment Options Bleaching — Bleaching Mechanism of Teeth — Conventional Bleaching Clinical Procedure of Laser-assisted Teeth Whitening — Diagnosis and Treatment Planning — Oral Prophylaxis and Application of Gingival Barrier — Laser-assisted Crown Lengthening Procedure — Laser-assisted Crown Lengthening Clinical Procedure — Laser-assisted Gingival Depigmentation Procedure 8. Laser Application in Pediatric Dentistry Direct Pulp Capping — Prerequisites for Direct Pulp Capping Procedures — Conventional Pulp Capping — Laser-assisted Pulp Capping — Vitality Tests following Laser-assisted Pulp Capping Pulpotomy — Introduction — Laser-assisted Pulpotomy Soft Tissue Lasers Applications in Pediatric Dentistry Application of Lasers on Infantile Oral Soft Tissue Lesions 9. Laser in Endodontics — Endodontic Problems Root Canal Sterilization — Conventional Methods — Limitations/Disadvantages of Rinsing Solutions — Laser Supported Root Canal Sterilization e Description of the Different Wavelengths — Nd: YAG Laser — Diode Laser — Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG Lasers Root Canal Preparation Apical Sealing Safety in Laser Treatment Indications Practical Procedure — Access Cavity Preparation — Root Canal Shaping — Root Canal Filling 10. Laser-assisted Periodontal Therapy Etiology, Definitions and Pathogenesis — Gingivitis—Periodontitis—Gingival Recession — Plaque — Periodonto Pathogenic Bacteria — Histology Classification of Periodontal Diseases — Gingivits — Chronic Periodontitis — Aggressive Periodontitis — Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases Conventional Therapy — Initial Therapy — Corrective Phase or Surgical Corrective Measures — Supporting Periodontal Therapy Laser Therapy — Applied Lasers — Impact of Different Lasers on Tissues — Diode Laser — Nd: YAG Laser; CO, Laser — Er: YAG Laser — Frequency-doubled Alexandrite Laser Practical Procedure — Initial Diagnosis and Evaluation — Clinical Preparation — Aim of Treatment — Laser Therapy Investigations of the Laser Effects 11. Laser in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Specific Surgical Problems Conventional Therapy — Scalpel — Electrotomy Laser Therapy Advantages and Disadvantages of Laser-assisted Oral Surgery — Advantages — Disadvantages Techniques for Laser Use in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery — Incision and Excision — Ablation and Vaporization — Hemostasis Techniques Laser in Implant Dentistry — Peri-implantitis Cosmetic Facial Laser Surgery Laser-assisted Routine Clinical Procedures — Pericoronitis — Frenectomy and Ankyloglossia — Vestibuloplasty — Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer Treatment Laser-assisted Biopsy 12. Laser as an Adjunct to Orthodontics Laser-assisted Bonding Laser-assisted Tooth Exposure 13. Low Level Laser Therapy Mechanism of Action Cellular Effects of LLLT during Wound Healing Effect of LLLT on Neural Tissues LLLT Applications in Clinical Dentistry — Indications — Factors Affecting the Efficacy of LLLT LLLT Equipment — LLLT Devices Advantages and Disadvantages of LLLT — Advantages of Low Level Laser Therapy — Disadvantages of Soft Laser Therapy 14. Photo-activated Disinfection Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) — Mechanism of Action of PAD Photosensitizers Indications of PAD Technique Lasers Used in PAD 15. Integrating Lasers into Your Practice: Practice Management Dental Office in 21st Century — Dentist’s Team Vision — Expectations of the Staff Establishing Fees for Laser Procedures Marketing Laser Dentistry Bibliography ER -